Why Does Sexual Assault Increase In Army - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 537 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Sexual Assault In The Military Essay Did you like this example? Much of the preventative measures of the Army is teaching how to understand consent and to know that sexual harassment and assault are not tolerated. However it should include the topic of why it happens instead of just how to stop it. The three key foundations in which give desire to people to sexually assault are cultural influences, learned behavior and false biological justifications, and thus the main objective in preventing sexual assault in the army should be to address â€Å"the complex interactions between learning, biological, and cultural factors.† (Gannon A.T. Ciardha C.O.) Studies suggest that a large percentage of perpetrators were at one point a victim of sexual violence themselves. In regards to that, the third primary cause of sexual violence is learned behavior. This is defined by a persons childhood and how a guardian or mentor has treated the subject of sexuality. The most negative influence on an adolescents future perspective of healthy sexuality is to abuse or harass them, in particularly with expressive sexual intent. Such abuse can cause the individual to develop around the notion that sexuality is an aggressive or inherently evil subject. The SHARP program should include the ability for soldier to seek aid with victimization and to rehabilitate them regardless if the incident occurred prior to enlisting. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Why Does Sexual Assault Increase In Army" essay for you Create order Rape culture is a serious causation of sexual violence. It is defined as â€Å"an environment in which sexual abuse is prevalent and in which sexual violence is normalized and excused in media and popular culture.† (Tolliver L.) This type of society is apparent in scenarios such as objectifying individuals, accusing victims, and characterizing a gender with unnecessary requirements (manhood/ womanhood). This impacts many in the army and measure should be taken by greater enforcement of equality and understanding of who’s fault it is in an incident in SHARP briefs. It is theorized that a reason for sexual violence is that it is a favorable quality in reproduction. The theory explains that the reason it is a trait is because through evolution, males who asserted rape consistently with many females had higher chances of many offspring, therefor passing down the genetic coding for the trait. However, the more highly recognized/respected theory stating this is false, debunks this concept by questioning then why sexual assault occurs against adolescence, mentally impaired and males. Two concerns arise; One, that the notion that males inherently assault should not be the general understanding, and two that even if the original theory were true, it should not be used as an excuse that sexual violence is acceptable. This should be addressed in SHARP classes to cease the ideology that it is natural and excusable. In conclusion, much of the issues is how soldiers impact and influence fellow soldiers. If we can eliminate the misunderstandings of sexuality, child abuse and traumatization, and negative attitudes towards gender through extensive insight on these through SHARP programs. Sources Gannon A.T. Ciardha C.O.,(11 July 2014) Psychological Theories Related to Sexual Violence and Abuse. Retrieved 14 August 2018, From https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263818409_Psychological_Theories_Related_to_Sexual_Violence_and_Abuse Tolliver L., Snyder C., (Updated Daily) What is The Rape Culture. Retrieved 14 August 2018, From https://www.marshall.edu/wcenter/sexual-assault/rape-culture/

The Body Shop Marketing Essay - 2699 Words

1) Anita Roddick created the body shop in 1976 with the objective of opening an environmentally conscious cosmetic store. Today, the Body Shop (BS) has grown from being a single â€Å"hippie† store in England to a multinational company with over 2265 stores in 50 countries enjoying sales of  £820,000 in 2006/2007 period. (mintel 2006) People say that â€Å"one person cannot make a difference† but Anita Roddick proved it wrong by sticking to here ideals and ideas of doing business. This extract from the Body Shop’s mission statement ‘to dedicate our business to the pursuit of social and environmental change’ (www.thebodyshop.co.uk), shows us how she created a new way of dealing with customer needs and wants. She saw it as a better option to put†¦show more content†¦But critiques say that the â€Å"Trade not Aid† projects are simply a marketing tool and that not even 1% of the sales go to the projects. (www.mcspotlight.org) Promotion The BS way of advertising has mostly been done through indirect advertising. Indeed, by associating themselves to Greenpeace or the save the whales project or by doing fare trade with indigenous communities for example, journals, newspapers and magazines have written about the company’s products, campaigns and beliefs without the company actually carrying out or spending any money into promotion campaigns. The BS believes that beauty is reality and strongly disagrees on the advertising campaigns trying to glamorise their products – ‘We re saying our products will moisturize, cleanse and polish; they will not perform miracles.’ (Mrs Galanti, 1997). This was stated in 1997 after the release of a rare mainstream campaign called â€Å"Love your body† due to increased competition in the marketplace. The Body Shop also makes extensive use of its web site, delivery lorries and shop windows to communicate its campaigns and beliefs. Packaging is also a way of promoting a product. By showing consumers that the BS is involved in recycling plastic bottles used in the packaging of a product for example, it positions itself furthermore in the customers mind as being an environmentally caring organisation. It also tried to push consumers to use refills but the impact of this campaign was minimal.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Marketing Analysis on Body Shop4410 Words   |  18 PagesThe Body Shop International plc is a global manufacturer and retailer of naturally inspired, ethically produced cosmetics products. Founded in the UK in 1976 by Dame Anita Roddick, The Body Shop now has over 2,400 stores in 61 countries, with a range of over 1,200 products. Body Shop has a strict no animal testing policy. In fact The Body Shop is the first international cosmetics brand to be recognized under the Humane Cosmetics Standard for our Against Animal Testing policy. 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Why TBS has being so successful to target customer buying their products? TBS have used segmentation base to recognise their target market. People choose different types of product based on their perceptionsRead MoreMarket Orientation1426 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing can be define as â€Å"the process of creating, distributing, promotion and pricing goods, services and ideas to facilitate satisfying exchange relationships with customers in a dynamic environment† (Pride et al. 2007). Marketing concept shows an organisation always try to provide goods and services to satisfy consumers’ needs and wants. It may help the organisation to achieve their goals. The evolution of ma rketing concept is from production orientation to sales orientation, continuously itRead More Management And The Body Shop Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pagesand The Body Shop In this paper I will be taking a look at basic management functions. The approaches, and the synthesis of two views of management. I will attempt to take an overview of culture and its effect on a company. In todays changing global environments many companies have joined the open trade policies, and existing foreign opportunities available to growing companies with positive views and socially responsible attitudes. It all sounds like a lot to cover in a short essay so I willRead MoreManagement and the Body Shop1476 Words   |  6 Pagesand The Body Shop In this paper I will be taking a look at basic management functions. The approaches, and the synthesis of two views of management. I will attempt to take an overview of culture and its effect on a company. In todays changing global environments many companies have joined the open trade policies, and existing foreign opportunities available to growing companies with positive views and socially responsible attitudes. 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This essay will list and discuss the advantages and disadvantages for an organisation using e-business to carry out their own business activities. Throughout this I am going to evaluate both of these aspects. E-business also known as electronic business is the conduct of business processes on the Internet. These electronic business processes include buying and sellingRead MoreAssingments 2012-20134348 Words   |  18 PagesASSINGMENTS 2012-2013 Marketing Studies (1 year, Diploma) 1 BUSINESS ENGLISH Assignment 1 a) Luis St. Jean is a famous design house in France with annual sales of $1.2 billion in clothing, perfume, scarves, and other designer items. Each year it prepares more than 150 original designs for its seasonal collections. 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The Digestive System Essay Research Paper Every free essay sample

The Digestive System Essay, Research Paper Every life human cell demands O and foods to last. The O and foods gives the cells energy incorporating molecules and natural stuffs necessary for growing, fix, and reproduction and the production of new substances. Populating organisms get foods from the nutrients they eat. It # 8217 ; s of import for any being to acquire foods so they have energy to utilize. The Digestive System is a system that prepares nutrient atoms for their entry into the blood stream. Digestion involves interrupting organtic compounds into simple soluble substances absorbable by tissues. It besides includes both mechanical and chemical procedures. The mechanical procedures includes mastication and cut down nutrient into little atoms. These forces move through the digestive path and blend it with assorted secernments. There are three chemical reactions that take topographic point. They are the transition of saccharides into simple sugars like glucose, interrupting down of protein into amio acids, and the transition of fats into fatty acids. We will write a custom essay sample on The Digestive System Essay Research Paper Every or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These procedures are accomplished by enzymes. Digestion begins at the oral cavity. This is where the nutrient interruptions down with the aid of the Salivary Gland. After the nutrient is chewed and softened, it so is swallowed and moves through the Pharynx and so enters the gorge. The gorge is a long muscular tubing that extends through the cervix and thoracic pit and penetrates the stop merely before it joins the tummy. The nutrient is so converted into a liquid mixture and the protein digestion begins with the aid of enzymes. After the nutrient is liquefied, it passes into the long, writhing little bowel. The liver and gall bladder give the little bowel a light-green yellow liquid that is besides known as gall, which helps with the digestion of fats. The liver besides helps with the remotion of foods from the blood stream and alterations these foods to chemical energy. These foods are so returned into the blood stream so they can be distributed through the organic structure. The pancreas aids the digestion of protein, saccharides, and fats. A primary site for soaking up into the blood stream is the little bowel. All the stuff that is non absorbed by the little bowels goes through the big bowels. Then the H2O is removed and returned to the blood stream. And the s olid stuff is eliminated from the organic structure by go throughing through the gap of the anus. The digestive system is of import because every cell in our organic structure needs O and foods and with out the procedure of digestion this would non be possible. It # 8217 ; s really of import to eat healthy so your organic structure will beable to map and utilize the energy.

International Corporate Governance System

Question: Discuss about the International Corporate Governance System. Answer: Introduction The Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth) puts an obligation on the directors and the other officers of the company to work in a manner which is in the best interest of the company, for a proper interest and in good faith. The same rules apply for the derivative actions taken by an applicant. This act shows that the best interest of the company is supreme for the individuals. However, the same can be difficult to determine in such cases where there is an overlapping of the interests of the members, with the control they have in the company. Blakeney v Blakeney is one of such cases where serious questions were raised regarding this overlapping of interests and when the actions of directors were evaluated by the court, it was held that the directors had not acted in the best interest of the company or with good faith with particular reference to derivative action. The following part covers a discussion on this case, along with the other cases, which highlights that quite often the best interest of the company is overlooked by the members, when it comes to their personal interest. Blakeney v Blakeney An officer or a member of the company is enabled through a derivative action to initiate proceedings on behalf of the company. This can be noticed recurrently when the members put an allegation regarding the breach of directors duties. The applicants of a derivative action usually believe that it they would not have to fund the litigations. Even though there have been different criteria, one of the recent decision of the Western Australian Court of Appeal has been focused on a major obstacle which a derivative applicant has to exhibit. This demonstration relates to showcasing that the derivative action is in the companys best interest. This point has to be noted by both the directors and members while they consider making such an application, or when they are threatened by one[6]. The case of Blakeney v Blakeney acts as a reminder to the fact that the likeliness of the best interest of the company in a proposed legislation is not sufficient. It is crucial to establish that the actions undertaken were actually in the companys best interest, in a clear and proven manner. The judgment in this case, given by the Court of Appeal showed that the proposed litigation which was born out of the derivation application, would hardly ever be in the companys best interest in case the company is a corporate trustee, the result of which is that are no beneficiary entitlements to the amount which is sought as recovery, and this would place the applicant director in a position which conflicts his duties[7]. In this case, it was held by the Court of Appeal that the initiation of litigation as being a derivative active was not at all in the companys best interest. And for giving this decision, the Court of Appeal considered a number of different factors. These were the nature of the business of the company; the ability to meet the judgment of the defendant; the possible consequences and costs in case of the proposed litigation being unsuccessful; the possibility of the company recovering the offered indemnity; the potential of bringing out a conflict of duties due to the prose litigation; with regards to the applicant; the requirement for the companys resources to be devoted to the litigation which has been proposed; the very nature of the indemnity which has been offered to the company by the applicant; the chances of the proposed litigation being a success; the other available avenues, in place of the litigation proposed; and the scale and character of the company[8]. In this case, the applicant director had a minimum of three other options, in form of making an application for appointing a new trustee; for initiating the proceedings on trusts behalf; and lastly, being an object of the trust, in addition to making the assumption of the existence of special circumstances. The applicant director could have initiated proceedings in his own name against the director and could have sought a declaration. The crux of the matter in this case was that the derivative application is very quickly taken as a part of strategy for litigation; however, there is a need to consider all the options especially in the stringent approach which is taken by the court while assessing the criteria of applicability. Legislative Requirements The right to bring the derivative action, in Australia, was earlier covered under the general law, which has been replaced through the statutory right to bring such derivative actions. Part 2F.1A of the Corporations Act 2001[10], containing sections 236 to 242, covers the procedure to bring statutory derivative action[11]. The applicants, who are eligible as per section 236(1) (a) have t make an application to the court for brining or intervening the proceedings on companys behalf. The reason for the application being derivative is due to the reliance of the applicant on the cause of action, which belongs to the company, instead of a personal cause of action. If satisfied, as per the criteria covered in section 237(2) (a) to (e), i.e., the leave criteria, the court can grant the leave application[13]. The order is made by the court, after considering the appropriate costs of the application, along with the derivative actions, under section 242 of this act[14]. The case of Foss v Harbottle[15] provides a useful background for understanding the provisions set out under Part 2F.1A of the Corporations Act 2001. The rule set out under this case was applied only in cases when the cause of action belonged to the company. In such cases, only the proper plaintiff could initiate the action and this proper plaintiff was the company. Wigram V-C in this case provided the exceptions to this rule, which have been included in the provisions set out in the act[16]. Derivative Action: Best Interest Section 237(2) (c) puts an obligation over the court to be satisfied regarding the best interest of the company for granting the leave to the applicant[17]. And for this grant of leave, the requirement is for more than mere satisfaction, or as has been quoted earlier, the likeliness of the same. There has to be conclusive decisiveness on part of the court regarding the companys best interest before the leave can be granted[18]. The term companys best interest imports the common concept of the interest of the company in its entirety. This term is associated with the independent and separate welfare of the company. In the case of Robash Pty Ltd v Gladstone Pacific Nickel Pty Ltd[19], identified some matter which had to be considered for granting the leave due to the same being in the best interests of the company. All such bases have already been summarized earlier. The quoted section does not merely acknowledge what is in the best interests of the company, but also regarding whether the same demands the grant of leave. In Blakeney v Blakeney, it was clarified that the bad interest cannot be established for the reasons of personal claims against the defendant. Though, the same becomes a common phenomenon in the disputes which lead to derivative actions. There have been cases where the grant of leave was made after attaining a conditional undertaking from the applicant which indemnified the company for the cos ts incurred by the company. Some of these cases include Roach v Winnote Pty Ltd[20] by Barrett J and in Cooper v Myrtace Consulting Pty Ltd by Davies J[21]. For deciding upon the point of best interest in Blakeney v Blakeney, a reference was made to the case of Cooper v Myrtace Consulting Pty Ltd. In this case, a serious question was raised regarding the proposition that the individual was plainly incapable of satisfying the indemnity[22]. The willingness to indemnify the company by the derivative applicant, who was William in t he case of Blakeney v Blakeney, was deemed as a relevant consideration, along with the extent of the capacity of William. And it this case, there was nothing which could show that William would indemnify Geraldton Builders and Fabricators[23]. In establishing the good faith of the directors in the case of Blakeney v Blakeney, the case of Swansson v RA Pratt Properties Pty Ltd[24] was quoted. In this case, Ms. Swansson and Mr. Highland were two individuals who were also divorced; where the former was the director and shareholder of RA Pratt Properties Pty Ltd. (RAPP), and the latter was the director. It was alleged by the plaintiff that the latter had contravened the directors duties stated in 180, 181 and 182 sections of the Corporations Act, 2001, in addition to the ones stated under the common law[25]. Swansson initiated actions against Highland as per section 237(1) of the act[26]. It was held by the court that Swansson was not acting in the companys best interest and hence, an application was not granted to her. The plaintiff in this case was John Carlton, and in case he won the case, the company was not required to pay the costs of litigations and would also receive compensation which would cover all the losses. Hence, the decision made by the plaintiff was held to be in the companys best interest. Recent Case As has been stated earlier, the rules have stemmed from the case of Foss v Harbottle, which was undertaken in the year of 1843. And the same carved out a number of exceptions from its operation, though, the same was not easy to establish. Due to this, the introduction of the provisions of statutory derivative action was seen as important, particularly for the enlargement of the rights of the shareholders. These provisions have been interpreted since their introduction, in a fairly conservative manner by the court of law[28]. One of the recent crucial decisions given by the Victorian Court of Appeal in this regard is the case of True Value Solar Holdings Pty Ltd and Anor v Fernandez[29], provided the interpretation of the steps which had to be established by the shareholders for obtaining the leave from court so that the statutory derivative action can be allowed, which is applied before the court[30]. In this case, three difficult grounds were set up which had to be satisfied by the shareholders and these were of acting in good faith, which was the least difficult of the three, the best interests of the company that the issue can continued in shareholders name and the possibility that the proceedings would not be brought forward by the company or for the steps in it or to take the proper reasonability for them. While interpreting the last point, it was held by the Court of Appeal that the directors in general, would not be keen on pursuing the action against their own numbers. This raises the question of conflict of the overlapping of interests, being against the best interest of the company[31]. Conclusion To sum up the entire decision, the derivative action allows the member of the company to initiate actions on behalf of it. However, in order to attain such a derivative action, the member of the company is required to establish certain points, one of which is the best interests of the company. However, the problem arises when this particular point has to be established due to the overlapping of control of the company and the interests of the members. This was famously held in the case of Blakeney v Blakeney, where the mere likeliness of best interest was not held to be a satisfactory ground for granting a leave for the derivative action. In order to give the judgment in this case, a number of other cases were used. And the similar grounds were also established in the case of True Value Solar Holdings Pty Ltd and Anor v Fernandez. In short, for the grant of derivative action, the best interest of the company has to be properly established and an overlapping of interest, can lead to the same not been granted. Bibliography Lessambo F, The International Corporate Governance System: Audit Roles and Board Oversight (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016) Loos A, Directors' Liability: A Worldwide Review (Kluwer Law International, 2nd ed, 2010) Picker CB and Seidman GI, The Dynamism of Civil Procedure - Global Trends and Developments (Springer, 2016) Blakeney v Blakeney [2016] WASCA 76 Cooper v Myrtace Consulting Pty Ltd [2014] FCA 480 Foss v Harbottle (1843) 67 ER 189 Roach v Winnote Pty Ltd [2006] NSWSC 231; (2006) 57 ACSR 138 Robash Pty Ltd v Gladstone Pacific Nickel Pty Ltd [2011] NSWSC 1235; (2011) 85 ACSR 432 Swansson v RA Pratt Properties Pty Ltd (2002) 42 ACSR 313 True Value Solar Holdings Pty Ltd and Anor v Fernandez (2013) VSCA 27 Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth) AR Conolly Company, Insurance, Banking, Construction Government (16 May 2016) https://benchmarkinc.com.au/benchmark/composite/benchmark_16-05-2016_insurance_banking_construction_government.pdf Australasian Legal Information Institute, Blakeney -V- Blakeney [2016] WASCA 76 (12 May 2016) (12 May 2016) https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/wa/WASCA/2016/76.html#fnB63 Australian Institute of Company Directors, Enhancing the rights of shareholders (01 May 2013) https://www.companydirectors.com.au/director-resource-centre/publications/company-director-magazine/2013-back-editions/may/directors-counsel-enhancing-the-rights-of-shareholders Frawley N, The Cost of Bringing a Statutory Derivative Action in Australia- Is It Time To Reconsider the Terms of Section 242 of the Corporations Act 2001? (2007) https://www.clta.edu.au/professional/papers/conference2007/2007NF_CBSDAA.pdf Jins Legal Story, Swansson v RA Pratt Properties Pty Ltd (2002) 42 ACSR 313 (2017) https://www.jinslegalstory.com/corporate-law/swansson-v-ra-pratt-properties-pty-ltd-2002-42-acsr-313/ Legal Services Commission, General Duties of Directors - Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) (03 July 2012) https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch05s01s03s02.php Supreme Court, Australian Mortgage Finance Company (12 December 2014) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/538e6312e4b03cefc2a8a0c3/t/