You decide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

You decide - Essay Example The foundation for this attention on the business is that inside the aggregate sum of CO2 emitted at last usage (transportation part, control area and high temperature era), the oil and gas parts represent almost 50% of all worldwide outflows in different sectors(Mckinsey Quarterly organization, 2012). While a lot of people still live trying to claim ignorance about the linkage between human nursery gas (GHG) outflows and the climate framework, numerous different organizations around the globe are as of now occupied with exercises that will decrease their GHG discharges and putting resources into new innovations to take care of vitality demand. These organizations are under steady observing and reputational weight from governments, worldwide bodies, for example, the United Nations (Kyoto Environmental and Regulatory laws) to lessen both upstream and downstream CO2 emanations, and to investigate and execute elective, vitality effective, and low- discharge strategies to meet vitality requests from all areas of the economy. These deliberations will need to be embraced while keeping on proving vitality for financial needs. It is crucial to know the position of the oil and gas industry by investigating a percentage of the techniques has created for decreasing GHG discharges that would include evident changes in the generation and use of vitality. The oil and gas industry perceives the significant issues and prospects that lie ahead in tending to climate change. These are exercises that cant be maintained a strategic distance from on the grounds that they happen commonly, for example, the emission of a fountain of liquid magma transmits Co2, vapor gasses, vaporizers in plenitude to the air. An alternate regular reason for climate change that emanates nurseries gas is the Ocean Circulation which radiates Co2 into the environment. The

Modern Art Essay Example for Free

Modern Art Essay Some people consider modern arts not serious. In this regard, the question â€Å"Can we think of modern art as real art? † comes into existence. So to answer to this question we need to take for consideration what is art in general and what forms it has. There are a variety of arts, including visual arts and design, decorative arts, plastic arts and the performing arts. So, Art is defined as the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination. And artistic expression takes many forms: painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, music, literature, and architecture are the most widely recognized forms. To begin with, when we speak about modern art, in most cases we think about the field of fine arts. Because exactly fine arts underwent the visible changes for centuries. The number of styles of painting is enormous. Artistic works can be grouped by styles according to the common principles of creative thinking. Each epoch is characterized by a certain worldview; that is why throughout the centuries the ways of thinking about art was also changing. Fine arts faced such styles as Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Classicism, Realism, Impressionism and so on. Modern art refers to works produced during the period from 1870. Typically, modern artists rejected previous Renaissance-based traditions, in favour of new forms of artistic experimentation. They used new materials, new techniques of painting, and developed new theories about how art should reflect the perceived world. And nowadays there exists a great amount of styles of Modern art, for example: Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Performance Art, Dada Style, Neoplasticism, Surrealist Style, Postminimalism, Graffiti Art, etc. Concerning the question of modern art it’s quite difficult to judge, but nevertheless people are divided into two sides: pros and cons. First and foremost art implies the inseparability of form and content and of course talent. Famous artists affirmed that it is necessary to master the skill the main component of the art. But many modern works have lack of this component. Modern art has no its purpose to create the artistic work, that is why modern artists are indifferent to internal connection of form and content. Therefore it is impossible without accompanying comment; for example the artist can grab a canvas, paint it in different colours and put some strokes on it, and this kind of painting can represent his happiness. Because it is often said that modern art can be done without any talent or efforts. After all real art needs to show emotion, beauty, and needs to be a window to the artists  emotions. Art is something that you see and must look deeply into to understand or find beauty in. Modern art is art that a 5 year old can do so it has too little effort to be considered art. Many people believe that such so called artists are supported by the mass media, that is why their works are sold for million dollars. Every person could take a brush and do smth like that, but no one would buy this daub. They say Leonardo was a great artist. Raphael was a great artist, but modern ones can’t be compared. So for the great majority of people modern art is not serious. On the other hand, who is anyone to judge what real art is? After all our understanding of art comes to nothing more than our school knowledge about periods of Renaissance, Classicism or Modern. Just because one doesnt like or understand the art, doesnt mean that the art is not real art. Besides, it should be noted that there is the term contemporary art, meaning the work of artists of the 90-ies of XX century. It represents the mirror of contemporary world. And often great

The Missile Defense System of the United States Essay -- Argumentative

The Missile Defense System of the United States Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Ronald Reagan was in the Presidency, he and his staff came up with the idea for a missile defense system that would defend the country in the event of a nuclear missile attack. This system was named "Star Wars" and the basic principal behind it was that it would be a shield that covered all fifty states. However, government officials soon realized that Reagan's defense system was impossible to build, so the program was dropped, but the idea to defend the country against a missile attack stuck around. Today, the U. S. Government is trying to build a new, more realistic missile defense system. However, not all the problems have been worked out, and the U. S. Government should not deploy their missile defense system without conducting further tests. Purpose of Missile Defense   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Imagine that one morning there is breaking news that the U. S. Capitol has just been attacked by a missile strike. The information is plastered on every station, and there's pictures showing Washington D. C. Leveled to the ground. All of this just because in the past few years the U. S. Government tried to develop a defense system to quickly, and for that reason they didn't have adequate tests to determine whether or not the system would work. Furthermore, they wouldn't have been attacked had it not been for them trying to develop this system. Every day, this threat is becoming more of a possibility to the United States. Since this could happen, the U. S. Government shouldn't deploy their defense system unless they conduct further, more realistic tests.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The name of the missile program that is being developed to protect the United States is the National Missile Defense. This program... ...ork. MIT Enterprise Technology Review. Retrieved March 14, 2003, from http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/ postol0402.asp Q&A: son of star wars. (2002, December 17). BBC News. Retrieved March 11, 2003, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/696028.stm Reynolds, M. (2002, December 24). Missile plan faces obstacles; Pentagon value in Bush's proposal to deploy the system in three years, but critics say an essential phase of testing would be left out. Los Angeles Times. Main News; Part 1; Page 1. Warren, D. (2001, May 3). Shooting down the criticisms of Bush's shield: common arguments against the U.S. Missile defense plan, and why they'll never work. The Ottawa Citizen. News, p. A17. Wright, D. & Postol, T. (2000, May 11). Missile defense system won't work. Common Dreams News Center. Retrieved March 6, 2003, from http://www.commondreams.org/views/ 051100-101.htm   

My Education

Education should be skill based rather than knowledge based Good morning, today l, Sparks Gar, am going to speak for the topic ‘Education should be skill based rather than knowledge based'. As school ends and commencement addresses are given, two pieces of data caught my eye recently. Only 56 percent of law school graduates are getting Jobs proportionate with their education. And there are 3 million Jobs currently unfilled in the U. S.So what explains the disconnection between a large number of highly educated workers unable to find bobs and the millions of openings out there right now? The answer is skills. Or more precisely, having the specialized skills that fit with the Jobs, employers need to fill. The challenge is to get the people who need work to acquire the skills that employers are seeking. It is true that our young generation needs to be skilled in order to get employment. It is very much important to get skills and only then we can think of our bright future.In a cl ass all the students may not be excellent in their studies but here are other projects in which the weaker students can come up. In our society it is not only knowledge that matters but if you have the skill to do something you can guarantee work. Nowadays we usually face problems that a person is knowledgeable but not skilled enough to do a particular Job. The majority of Jobs are in the skilled trades, yet it wouldn't be hard to build programs around the needs of information technology companies, tech start-ups and manufacturing firms.We've all heard Tories of successful people who found their true passion and talent from the help of a teacher who had taken notice when nobody else had. We need to create a system and culture of education in which such self-discovery doesn't Just happen serendipitously but rather is the core focus of education. This can only come from an early exposure to a rich and diverse set of study, including art, music, science, math, design, writing and more. In 2010, Barack Obama made this a major focus, and from hat came skills for America's Future, which brought employers and community colleges together to design curriculum around skills for specific types of Jobs. Of course people's decision changes with time and some of us make a conscious decision to ignore our natural born attributes to pursue a different path in life. That is what makes us human. But with this approach, students will get a around exposure to ideas and critical thinking to marketable skills and training that we can rely on. My Essays By supercharges

Jesus Christ

Jesus Christ was born about 6 B. C. and was crucified about 29 A. D. He was the founder of Christianity. Jesus was born in Bethlehem, a village in Palestine five miles (8km) south of Jerusalem. Palestine was under Roman domination with Herod the Great as its puppet ruler. There is no way of reckoning Jesus’ exact birth date. The Christian calendar, devised in the sixth century, places the Nativity in the year 1 A. D. Most calendars, however, believe that Herod died in 4 B. C. and that Jesus was born two or three years earlier.The nativity has been celebrated on December 25 since the fourth century A. D. Luke tells of the decree of Emperor Augustus that required everyone to go to his native village to be taxed. Mary and her husband Joseph had to go from their home in Nazareth, Galilee, to Bethlehem, Judea. Jesus was born in a stable because there was no room in the inn. A manger (a feeding trough for livestock) served as a crib. Luke reports that shepherds came to worship him, and Matthew tells of the wise men from the east, who saw a brilliant star in the sky and came to pay homage to him.Herod, alarmed by the birth of a child described by the wise men as â€Å"King of the Jews,† ordered the massacre of all young children in or near Bethlehem in an attempt to kill Jesus. Joseph and his family escaped by fleeting to Egypt. After Herod died Joseph took his family back to Nazareth. The parents were devout Jews. Jesus received careful religious instruction and spent much time in studying the Scriptures (Old Testament). His language was Aramaic, a Semitic tongue. Joseph was a carpenter, and Jesus probably learned the trade. Mark (6:3) reports that Jesus had four brother and these were James, Joseph, Judas, and Simon.

Attitudes of women from the mid-nineteenth century essays

Attitudes of women from the mid-nineteenth century essays There are several factors that influenced the change in the behaviors and attitudes of women from the mid-nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. Among these reasons is the economy escalating, Hollywood was created, and women began working and becoming more educated. During the Victorian era, people in the United States were very conservative in all aspects of life. The key element of the Victorian formula was moral autonomy, which is the control over one's instincts. The man would go out and work to support his family. While the wife would stay home and take care of the house and raise the children. Sexual activity was not performed for pleasure, only for pro-creation. They were also very involved with their community progress as well as national. They were not concerned with materialistic ideals or individual consumption. In fact, they combined religion, politics, work and home into one whole ideal. As the nineteenth century came to a close, the economy was growing due to corporations forming everywhere. As a direct result of corporate order, people received better wages and more free time. Incomes per capita rose from $231 to $793 annually between 1897 and 1921. With the extra income, people began to consume more personal goods. Husbands began to purchase more clothes, furniture, personal care items, cars, and applications as well as recreational services for themselves as well as their wives. In fact, personal consumption nearly tripled between 1901 and 1929. Another correlation to the increase in consumption was less time with the community and more time enjoying the personal goods that they purchased. People were indulging themselves into personal goods. Private life was now separated from personal concerns. Hollywood was created in the early 1900's. This changed the views of marriage and relationships of the U.S. citizens forever. Couples would see movies of beautiful people who were never arguing and always h ...

The Definition of Hydrometer

The Definition of Hydrometer A hydrometer or hydroscope is a device that measures the relative densities of two liquids. They are typically calibrated to measure the specific gravity of a liquid. In addition to specific gravity, other scales may be used, such as API gravity for petroleum, Plato scale for brewing, Baume scale for chemistry, and Brix scale for wineries and fruit juices. The invention of the instrument is credited to Hypatia of Alexandria in the latter part of the 4th century or early 5th century. Hydrometer Composition and Use There are several different types of hydrometers, but the most common version is a closed glass tube with a weighted bulb at one end and a scale going up the side. Mercury used to be used to weight the bulb, but newer versions may use lead shot instead, which is much less hazardous in case the instrument breaks. A sample of liquid to be tested is poured into a sufficiently tall container. The hydrometer is lowered into the liquid until it floats and the point where the liquid touches the scale on the stem is noted. Hydrometers are calibrated for various uses, so they tend to be specific for the application (e.g., measuring fat content of milk or proof of alcoholic spirits). How a Hydrometer Works Hydrometers function based on Archimedes principle or the principle of flotation, which states a solid suspended in a fluid will be buoyed up by a force equal to that of the weight of the fluid that is displaced. So, a hydrometer sinks further into a liquid of low density than into one of high density. Examples of Uses Saltwater aquarium enthusiasts use hydrometers to monitor the salinity or salt content of their aquariums. While the glass instrument may be used, plastic devices are safer alternatives. The plastic hydrometer is filled with aquarium water, causing a tethered float to rise according to salinity. Specific gravity can be read on the scale. Saccharometer - A saccharometer is a type of hydrometer used to measure the concentration of sugar in a solution. This instrument is of particular use to brewers and winemakers. Urinometer - A urinometer is a medical hydrometer used to indicate patient hydration by measuring the specific gravity of urine. Alcoholmeter - Also known as a proof hydrometer or Tralles hydrometer, this device simply measures liquid density but isnt used to directly measure proof of alcohol, since dissolved sugars also affect the reading. In order estimate alcoholic content, measurements are taken both before and after fermentation. The calculation is made after subtracting the initial reading from the final reading. Antifreeze Tester - This simple device is used to determine the ratio of antifreeze to water used for engine cooling. The desired value depends on the season of use, hence the term winterizing when its important the coolant doesnt freeze.

6 Jobs With Amazing Benefits and Perks

6 Jobs With Amazing Benefits and Perks a lot of jobs hover around the same salary range, and seem sort of boring around the edges. if you’re straining to pick what you want to be when you grow up, and you appreciate the quirkier and slightly more original job perks package, then these 6Â  jobs might be for you. 1. flight attendantbeing a flight attendant is kind of like being a waitress in a sealed capsule, traveling very long distances. the people can be grumpy, the job physically demanding, but you also have the benefit of seeing many different parts of the world. there’s good insurance, tuition assistance, excellent travel options like reciprocal travel agreements, and you won’t ever have to work a typical 9-5. the job can be demanding, both physically and emotionally, but it will rarely be boring.2. circus artistfew people can threaten to run off and join the circus. but if you happen to have a talent or penchant for physical theatre or performance, and the chutzpah to make it in this punishing w orld, then it isn’t quite as ridiculous as it might sound. circus performers, though they must be incredibly skilled, make great money, travel widely, and are given generous meal and lodging allowances, not to mention the close knit family of a group of performers on tour. if you have the heart and soul required, it can be an incredibly exciting career.3. journalistobviously, you would need a significant talent for writing, plus the ability to work in a fast-paced high-stress environment. it won’t pay as much as many other sexy fields, but you really can get access to corners of the world you may never have dreamed of. you can see and record things- be at the center of history, and really make a difference writing about things you truly care about.4. radio djif you love music and have an extensive enough collection, you might consider breaking into this field. imagine spending your day spinning your favorite tunes and chatting up a devoted audience. sound like more fun than pushing paper? well it is. you won’t work typical hours, but you’ll get lots of comp tickets and swag, not to mention the ability to meet people in the music industry, and you’ll spend hours and hours listening to the music that you love.5. personal assistantit doesn’t sound as sexy as some other possible careers, but a personal assistant actually gets some great perks for that low salary and high number of hours required to get her job done. the job is demanding, but if you happen to work for someone famous or fantastic, then you’re in for some sweet perks. you could end up tagging along at red carpet events, fancy dinners, epic vacations, and though you might have to work the whole time you are in it, you’ll have a taste of access to the vip world.6. sommelierif you love wine and have a keen nose and palate, this is for you. imagine getting paid to obsess over the tiniest details of the most exquisite wines, and then tasting them, fo r a living. at the master level, you could make a lot of money, but even a new sommelier will have the chance to travel, taste some of the best and rarest wines out there, pair those wines with delicious gourmet food, and chat to people from around the world. the hours are long, but the life is indisputably good for an aspiring enologist.6 careers with great benefits

The Body Ritual Among the Nacirema Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Body Ritual Among the Nacirema - Case Study Example In contemporary American culture the festival of Halloween appears to be derived from the pagan traditions of Samhain, although Halloween is based on Christian beliefs. From observing the customs related to Samhain, the roots, core features and stereotypical concepts associated with Halloween become evident. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the Celtic festival of ‘Samhain’, and examine its rituals and symbolism in relation to Halloween. According to Ohogain (2003), the influence of the Celts is far more extensive than is indicated by its fragmented survival beyond the fringes of western Europe. This culture which had been once been considered a highly significant one, continues to remain as a vital component of European civilization and heritage from east to west. Among the Celts, the feast of Samhain involved stock-taking, and reorganizing communities for the winter months which included the arranging of quarters for traveling warriors and r eligious teachers. Samhain also denoted a period of supernatural intensity, when darkness and decay prevailed, emerging from the ancient mounds of the countryside, known as sidh. For protection against these spirits, the Irish built large, symbolically life-sustaining bonfires, and appealed to the gods for help by means of â€Å"animal and perhaps even human sacrifice†... Of the two great doorways of the Celtic year, Samhain on November 1st was more important than Beltane on May 1st, since it marked the beginning of a completely new cycle; similar to the Celtic day which begins at night. â€Å"The most magically potent time of this festival is November Eve, the night of October 31st† (Freeman, 1999), known today as Halloween. Samhain marked took place between the autumn equinox and the winter solstice. Halloween is derived from All Hallow Even, or the eve of All Saints Day, 1st November. Together with All Souls Day on the 2nd November, the Christian calendar assigns the festival â€Å"for honoring the saints and the newly departed† (Rogers, 2003, p.22), and in past centuries for praying for souls in purgatory. Samhain distinguished the first day of winter, â€Å"when the herders led the cattle and sheep down from their summer hillside pastures to the shelter of stable and byre† (Freeman, 1999). All the harvest should be gathered i n by this time, of barley, apples, turnips, wheat and oats; with the beginning of November the faeries were believed to destroy any remaining crops or plants. Peat and wood for winter fires were stocked up close to the hearth. â€Å"It was a joyous time of family reunion, when all members of the household worked together baking, salting meat, and making preserves for the winter feasts to come (Freeman, 1999). Samhain was the major feast of the year; and everyone gathered together for the â€Å"Feast of Tara†, when the royal seat of the High King as the heart of the sacred land, and the creator of the new year was celebrated. Every household in the country put out their hearth fires, and waited for the Druids to light the new fire of the year. At Samhain the gods came

EEO Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

EEO Law - Essay Example However, testimony illustrated that other employees had huge bonuses within the recession that were even greater than the entire salary of Wilson. Employment policies or practices that are applicable to everyone irrespective of sex are illegal if they have negative impacts on other employees of a given sex. Autozone violated the EEO law prohibiting employment discrimination based on disability. Individuals are entitled to basic rights and freedoms in terms of selection and fair treatment during employment exercises. The United States government works on the policy in providing equal opportunities through the federal employment of all persons. The other goal is to prohibit discrimination across employment exercises based on religion, race, sex, color, handicap, national origin, sexual orientation, age, or parental status (Gutman,   Koppes  and Vodanovich 123). The policy promotes broader realization of various equal employment opportunities based on continuing affirmative programs of executive agencies and departments. The equal opportunity policy applies to all departments and is of the integral components of personnel practice and policy aspects. Subsequent inclusions are the advancement, development, treatment, and employment of people with disability in federal government opport unities as permitted by

The Legacy of the Holocaust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

The Legacy of the Holocaust - Essay Example The Holocaust damaged society. The consequence of the Jewish Holocaust had a great effect on society in Germany and the entire world. This devastating murder of the Jewish people in Germany left thousands in mental and physical pain, and affect current society in a negative manner. It is estimated that more than ten million people were killed by the authoritarian Nazi regime under the leadership of Hitler (Haran 25). The effects of Holocaust continue to haunt those people who were exposed to it. For instance, as children and other survivors started aging the terrifying past returns to their mind. In turn, insecurities start to control their physiologic mind. It is also significant to note that the holocaust did not only affect the survivors and those who died but it affected the entire world. For instance, the holocaust provides an example of how dictatorship and prejudice in our society can be costly or detrimental (Haran 36-39). Following liberation, many survivors, especially of J ewish ancestry, feared to go back to the former homes due to anti-Semitism that existed in some parts of Europe and the trauma they had experienced in the concentration camps. Some survivors who returned to their homes feared for their security. For instance, in Poland, the presence of pogroms or violent anti-Jewish protests in towns like Kielce in 1946 made the Jewish fearful to return home (Haran 47). The holocaust and its effects left million of Jewish and non-Jewish refugees who lost their families and property. They experienced relentless anti-Semitism in their home nations. This made many people not ready to return to their homes. Most displaced Jewish preferred to settle in Palestine.

Entrepreneurship and starting a small Business Term Paper

Entrepreneurship and starting a small Business - Term Paper Example Finally, conclusions with key findings and appropriate recommendations have been made. Starting one’s own business is an exciting, promising and high-risk proposition that usually stems from one single idea or a need. Study related to this process, usually referred to as entrepreneurship, has emerged as one of the most important outcomes of globalization. While significant part of a nation’s economic growth is through small business entrepreneurs, failure of this section of businessmen cannot be ruled out. In the current study, focus will be on efforts to identify various factors responsible for the success of small businesses and the challenges they face. An attempt will be made to list the core elements of successful entrepreneurship based on literature study and analysis before concluding with key findings. In his magazine article, Todorvic (2004) expresses that origins of entrepreneurship can be traced to early last century and is yet under lot of debate concerning its definition or actual meaning. He asserts that entrepreneurship is such a vast multidimensional and dynamic aspect of conducting business in the globalized world that it has been given multiple definitions from varied perspectives. Quoting various definitions from different people, Todorvic (2004) mentions that entrepreneurship, for instance, is concerned with starting one’s own business; entrepreneurship is the process by which new products, services or outcomes are created by people that can be recognized with certain specific characteristics. Specific characteristics have been associated with entrepreneurship, such as innovation, focus, discipline, passion, self-confidence, positive attitude, and persistence (Nieuwenhuizen & Machado, 2004). Koester (2010) asserts that an innovative opportunist is the one that m akes use of an opportunity in the marketplace and converts this into a promising business. Moreover, Koester (2010) also mentions that good interpersonal

Young Goodman Brown Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Young Goodman Brown - Research Paper Example The story is set against the 17th century backdrop, and published in his collection Moses from an Old Manse. My focus would lie on the author’s examination of the good-evil binary in this brilliantly symbolic tale. In this context, I will attempt to form an understanding of Hawthorn’s personal ideologies involving the symbols and imagery explored in the story. Certain representations of good and evil, like Faith’s pink ribbons, the Devil’s staff, and Goodman Brown’s journey into the forest, respectively stand for purity and innocence, evil, and Young Goodman Brown’s self-reflection into the dark side of his soul. Hawthorne’s Symbolic Perception: an Overview of the Puritan Context The Salem Witch Trials of 1692, where more than a hundred were tried, tortured and burnt on grounds of practicing witchcraft and the black arts, left a deep impression on Hawthorne’s perceptive symbolism of good and evil. It took the form of a deep-seat ed â€Å"ugly blot† on his mind as well as the records of early history of New England (Colacurcio 286). The Puritanical context of his fictions reflects a thorough understanding of Hawthorne’s symbolism and imagery. ... The 1692 Salem incident was not, for him, a lonely outburst of religious passion and destructive conservatism, but as a whole, suggestive of the flawed metaphors of good and evil that was being publicized by Puritanism (Colacurcio 286). The character of Goodman Brown, it must be remembered, is a third generation puritan. By the virtue of being a product of the very ideals Hawthorne criticizes, his story bears a strong relevance to an understanding of Hawthorne’s peculiar handling of religious dichotomies (Colacurcio 286). The 1692 Salem case itself becomes a latent symbol in the story. The puritan understanding of evil encompassed a great many factors and conditions. Social conditioning drove the popular emphasis on a strict adherence to decorum, rules and religious dictates as delivered by the puritan fathers, the original establishers of the New England settlements. An unwavering observation of explicit religious and socio-cultural regulations ensured man’s â€Å"goo dness†, while deviations from the rulebook caused evil temptations and the eventual damnation of the eternal soul. The binaries were simple, specific and strict. While dealing with such puritan settings, as in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and his most celebrated novel â€Å"The Scarlet letter†, Hawthorne exhibits an uneasy sense of ambiguity and uncertainty. His resolutions are not the simplistic symbolic triumph of goodness over evil or salvation over sin. His symbolism simmers with an unresolved urgency that sits awkwardly in the conservative framework of the 19th century America. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†: Symbols, Binaries and Imagery Hawthorne devotes his primary attention to the raging contention between forces of good and evil in â€Å"Young

Entrepreneurship and starting a small Business Term Paper

Entrepreneurship and starting a small Business - Term Paper Example Finally, conclusions with key findings and appropriate recommendations have been made. Starting one’s own business is an exciting, promising and high-risk proposition that usually stems from one single idea or a need. Study related to this process, usually referred to as entrepreneurship, has emerged as one of the most important outcomes of globalization. While significant part of a nation’s economic growth is through small business entrepreneurs, failure of this section of businessmen cannot be ruled out. In the current study, focus will be on efforts to identify various factors responsible for the success of small businesses and the challenges they face. An attempt will be made to list the core elements of successful entrepreneurship based on literature study and analysis before concluding with key findings. In his magazine article, Todorvic (2004) expresses that origins of entrepreneurship can be traced to early last century and is yet under lot of debate concerning its definition or actual meaning. He asserts that entrepreneurship is such a vast multidimensional and dynamic aspect of conducting business in the globalized world that it has been given multiple definitions from varied perspectives. Quoting various definitions from different people, Todorvic (2004) mentions that entrepreneurship, for instance, is concerned with starting one’s own business; entrepreneurship is the process by which new products, services or outcomes are created by people that can be recognized with certain specific characteristics. Specific characteristics have been associated with entrepreneurship, such as innovation, focus, discipline, passion, self-confidence, positive attitude, and persistence (Nieuwenhuizen & Machado, 2004). Koester (2010) asserts that an innovative opportunist is the one that m akes use of an opportunity in the marketplace and converts this into a promising business. Moreover, Koester (2010) also mentions that good interpersonal

Human Resource Planning Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Resource Planning - Article Example Human Resource Planning Human Resource Departments should be particularly cautious in protecting their employees. Other media companies such as New York Times back the statement that, insurance companies use confusing and technical terms in establishing contracts with the Human Resource Departments. The Human Resource Management and Services, treasury, and labor departments lead in these grievances. This is because insurance companies fail in their responsibility thus calling for concern throughout a company. The article also discusses issues regarding exploitation of employees by employers. In most organizations, the management forces the employees to work extra hours to meet the prevailing demand, but in hand get nothing. There is an emphasis on the standard basis of accounting in relation to extra time, and other over-time allowances. From the article, it is evident that Human Resource Planning is increasing its value daily. Awareness should be created to educate employees on their rights. A notification is crucial as it will help in guiding employees in different fields such as insurance, among others. This is because planning is a key determiner of growth and development in an organization. It is easy to distiguish the aspects of HRP; it enhances the importance of planning in Human Resource Management.

Gate Keeping Essay Example for Free

Gate Keeping Essay There are many processes a newspaper must go through before it can be sold in a newsagent and lots of people are involved in making just one article. The process that makes this article is called Gate keeping. To begin with, the news is first caught hold of by the news agencies, who then sell the stories to the news media. The copy taster then makes a quick selection of stories they consider news worthy to the paper they are working for, although they only dismiss the obvious non news worthy stories as they dont hold a great deal of responsibility. What they consider suitable they send off to the news editor. It is the news editors job to make a definitive judgment if which stories will be followed up and which ones will not. They decide what angle to take on the story according to what perceptions they want to portray to the reader. They then select, in their own opinion, reporters and photographers they consider suitable to create the story. However, if the story took place in another county, a foreign news editor will be assigned to this job instead. Photographers and reporters work on the same time scale. They decide how to display the information, and it is their job to research the story before working on it so that they have their facts clear (this also comes into importance when the story is handed to the sub editor). This might include going to the site the event took place, going to interviews, searching the library or the internet. The reporters will then write up the story taking into consideration what the news editor has suggested to them. Their copy must be given to the news editor before the deadline. The news editor will then check it, and make sure it has taken the correct angles and spins. If it has not they will give it back to the reporter with suggestions of how to make it more news worthy. The photographers discuss with the head photographer what photos will be best suited to the story. They then research the story, and their prints must be developed and handed to the picture editor by the deadline stated. It is the picture editors responsibility to crop and enlarge the photos, to best fit the story. Everything is then handed to the sub editor who will then correct spelling and grammar, write eye catching headlines and captions, check that the story is within the law, i.e. so no one can take legal action against the newspaper. They also decide the layout of the article, making sure words dont overlap pictures etc. Everything is then handed to the editor who then writes an editorial and is in charge of advertising. Designers are employed to create adverts and work on features. For smaller articles in the newspaper, a features editor is employed. Therefore a newspaper begins at a news agency and end up at a newsagent.

Vendor managed inventory in fmcg sector supply chain

Vendor managed inventory in fmcg sector supply chain Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) is a planning and management system in which vendor is fully responsible for the replenishment of inventory based on timely point of sale information to the buyers (retailer) place. This concept helps increases the customer responsiveness by reducing the supply and demand gap thus giving the satisfaction to end customer by increasing availability of the desired product when customer wants it. Supply chain partners must share their vision of demand, requirement and constraint to set the common objectives (Guillaume et al; 2008). Quality of buyer supplier trust and relationship, quality of ICT system and intensity of information sharing has positive impact on VMI implementation (Marloes et al; 2008). Information technology combined with VMI offers a clear view of inventory holding location giving supplier better information for replenishment planning (Malla et al; 2007). Before implementation of VMI, analysis of the level of uncertainty of customer demand is needed as high uncertainty in demand negatively influences the performance attained through VMI (Kazim Sari 2007). Upstream data transferred to suppliers i.e. current inventory level and accurate sales forecast is the most important factor for the successful implementation of VMI (Astrid Vigtil, 2007). Benefits of VMI implementation depend on contextual factors surrounding the implementation and dyadic intentions (Jongk yung et al; 2009). Implementing VMI is not solo effort it can be beneficial if company wide effort is involved (George kuk, 2004). VMI supply chain has improved dynamic response which causes reduction in manufacturing on cost and transportation demand (S.M. Disney et al; 2003). VMI gives benefits to retailer as manufacturer stock more to reduce risk of stock out which in turn reduces retailer holding and shortage cost and increases its profit (Brendra k et al; 2004). Implementation of VMI in FMCG sector of Pakistan is a major challenge for the FMCG companies and the retailers both. Maintaining of high quality error-free service in the dynamic and uncertain environment of Pakistan with lack of ICT infrastructure (information and communication technology) is a huge pressure. Due to heterogeneous customer base complete VMI implementation in this scenario is not possible so FMCG companies need to carry out its operation in both the way i.e. for the both VMI and non VMI customers. For flexible and fast communication between FMCG producers and retail chains proper ICT infrastructure is mandatory. So companies need to invest web-based information transfer systems like EDI (electronic data interchange). Adoption of VMI is not an easy task for companies as it requires heavy investment and commitment of retailers that how much they are willing to share POS information. Before full and final implementation of VMI companies must need to find out the right re tailers to be served and the factors that are acting as a barrier from retailers side as the clear and fault free implementation will have a great influence on future business performance outcomes. Objective of this paper is to find out the suppliers/manufacturer perceived objectives, drivers, obstacles, performance outcomes for implementing VMI in FMCG sector of Pakistan. Organizational objectives => Lead-time reduction, improvement in forecasting accuracy, improvement in customer service improvement in profit margin, improvement in rate of return, increase sales, control of bullwhip effect, Strategic drivers => Competition, shorter product life cycle, global supply chain, corporate restructuring. Obstacles => Ineffective organizational structure, lack of suitable it infrastructure, improper decision-support tool, lack of trust and mutual understanding between supply chain partners, internal/external integration, Performance outcomes => Effective production planning, effective forecasting, effective replenishment, effective inventory control and management, effective logistics and distribution management This paper is organized in sections. Section 1 offers the introduction; section 2 presents the literature review on research practices on VMI; section 3 is comprised of methodology: section 4 consist of data analysis and section 5 draws the conclusion regarding the findings. LITERATURE REVIEW Jan Holmstrom (1998) studied a single case study to analyze the benefits of implementation of SAP R/3 in VMI between vendor and its wholesaler. It is found that administrative cost for vendor product is reduced with reduced delivery cost which in turn gives benefit to end customer through low prices. It is also found that demand variability, inventory level and order per delivery lead time also greatly reduces which give competitive advantage to both vendor and whole seller. It is suggested that full benefit can be attained if vendor extends its number of customers. Sila cetinkaya et al (2000) studied the inventory replenishment and shipment decision in VMI through analytical model. Manufacturer with random demand patterns and retailers dispersed in different geographical areas are taken into account. Manufacturer has the freedom of holding small sized orders and dispatches it until the consolidation volume gathers. It is found that inventory costs are reduced if the inventory and shipments decision optimally coordinated. Susan cohen kulp (2002) studied the impact of internal information (sales and inventory) accuracy and its reliability on supply chain profits in vendor managed inventory. Theoretical models of two system traditional and VMI are analyzed which indicates that the accurate information helps manufacturer to forecast the consumer demand accurately which increases manufacturer and retailer over all profits. Hypothesis was tested through survey of 53 divisions of manufacturers in the FCPG industry. Result shows that use of VMI increases with the detail and reliability of retailers internal information and wholesale prices are lowered with the extent of VMI use. It is suggested that VMI will lead to higher supply chain profits if retailer and manufacturer both are willing to share accurate information and use this information in taking inventory management decisions. Terrance et al (2003) identified the distinction between supplier managed inventory (SMI) vendor managed inventory (VMI) through theoretical framework. Economic value analysis (EVA) is used to determine the non financial benefits and burdens of VMI and SMI implementation and effect of VMI and SMI on enhancement of share holder value.it is suggested that EVA analysis will help manager to identify the opportunities to increase the share holder value across both firms S.M. Disney et al (2003) studied the effect of VMI strategies on transport operation and order batching activities. Three different scenarios traditional, internal consolidation and VMI are modeled through system dynamics methodology and tested through simulation. It was found that VMI supply chain has improved dynamic response which causes reduction in manufacturing on cost and transportation demand. Transportation cost saving in VMI is possible for long term and short term and this saving is not effected by escapable and inescapable cost. This paper may help in developing the policy regarding VMI and supply chain (distribution, production scheduling etc.). S.M. Disney et al (2003) investigated the comparison between VMI and traditional seriously linked supply chain in producing bullwhip effect. Different equations are developed and simulation model testing was applied. Four variables as a source of bullwhip; price variations, rationing and gaming, demand signal processing, and order batching, were tested in traditional and VMI supply chain scenarios. It was found that through VMI supply chain all the variables can be avoided through well designed system. Demand signal processing and order batching can only be eliminated through inventory holding in traditional supply chain. For future it is suggested that VMI would be of greater benefit if the supplier uses inventory and sales information in making production and inventory management decision process. George kuk (2004) investigated the determinants and outcomes of VMI in electronic industry through survey of 94 employees of 25 companies who fully implemented VMI. Four hypotheses were created having 3 independent variables: organization size, number of employees involved in VMI and type of logistic integration, 3 dependent variables: information quality enhancement, service quality improvement and cost reduction. Through ANOVA testing it is analyzed that large level of employee involvement, small size of organization and integrated logistics achieves more benefits of VMI. It is suggested that implementing VMI is not solo effort it can be beneficial if company wide effort is involved. Brendra k et al (2004) investigated how the substitution brand competition gives benefit to retailer in VMI. Two level supply chain is taking having one retailer and 2 manufacturer of competing substitutable brand and through analysis of mathematical model it is found that VMI gives benefits to retailer as compare to non VMI as due to increase competition manufacturer stock more to reduce risk of stock out which in turn reduces retailer holding and shortage cost and increases its profit. For future research it is suggested to include inter retailer intra brand substitution competition. Pamela danese (2006) identified the way to use extended vendor managed inventory (VMI) both upstream and downstream amongst various supply chain partners to organize the information and material flows. Case study analysis approach is used taking supply chain network of leading pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). Through collected data it is shown that Information flows among the supply network members, information systems and performance monitoring system are some of the requisite of extended VMI. In GSK Information flow is achieved by EDI system which enhanced the service level, production capacity, and the inventory management. Central information system helps in production planning and order cycle processes in up stream and downstream supply network. Performance monitoring system motivates and improves the performance and allows supply chain members to over come their reluctances to share information. It is suggested that collaborative planning, forecasting and replenish ment (CPFR) should be taken into consider future research on extended VMI. Yuliang Yao et al (2007) explored how supply chain parameters affect the cost saving in VMI and sharing of this benefit between buyer and supplier. Two level supply chain having single supplier and single buyer modeled. Through analysis of model it is found that inventory cost reduction greatly depend on ratio of order cost of supplier to buyer and ratio of carrying cost of supplier to buyer. Buyer takes all the benefits of inventory reduction whereas supplier inventory level may increased which may lead to high logistic cost to supplier side. So its suggested to have side payment arrangement between buyer and supplier to get VMI worked in long run. Malla et al (2007) investigated the impact of VMI model on organizations inventory associated cost. Case study of market leader of tyre manufacturer has taken which has which has largest distribution network across India, USA and UK. Through simulation of model it is found that integration of information technology provide a clear picture of inventory holding locations which helps supplier in planning and replenishment of inventory across supply chain, which reduces bullwhip effect, safety stock and W.I.P and improves customer service. Some of the limitations of this model are high initial investment cost and lack of integration of systems. Astrid Vigtil (2007) investigated the required information exchange in VMI with the support of five buyer-supplier pair in Norwegian geographic. Semi-structured detailed interviews were conducted with the representative of different companies having logistic managerial position or similar. It was concluded through interviews that flow of upstream data is more critical rather than downs-stream data. Visibility of current inventory status and sales forecast are most important factor for suppliers and there is different kind of information needed depends upon operational mode of buyer in make to stock and make to order. In future it is implicated that for the higher efficiency of VMI electronic integration and automatic data transfer should be priorities as it supports supplier in planning of replenishment. Kazim Sari (2007) examined the benefits of VMI in achieving the increased performance through different levels of outside supply capacity, demand uncertainty, and lead time. Data were collected through simulation model; Crystal Ball, an MS Excel add-in. After retrieving data statistical test MANOVA is applied and it was concluded that high uncertainty in customers demand has negative influence on the VMI performance. There is also a direct relationship between the manufacturing capacity of outside supplier and performance of VMI. As long as the ratio between retailer and supplier lead times remains constant the performance level of VMI remain unchanged. For future implication it is recommended that before taking any decision relating VMI implementation it is necessary to conduct cost-benefit analysis if upstream information sharing is poor or customer demand is highly uncertain. Mikael Stahl Elvander et al (2007) proposed the structure for the numerous setups that could be arranged while establishing a VMI system. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from 15 company of Switzerland. Six framework were prepared and tested against the focus group consisted of representative of nine different companies including suppliers and customers who already had implemented VMI, in workshop. Through workshop it was deduce that there are a number of different ways in which VMI system can be configured, that will limit a suppliers likelihood to employ the information made accessible through VMI. It is suggested that the challenges related to operation and management may differ in different VMI system configuration. This should be taken into consideration in order to find best optimal VMI system configuration. Atul B. Borade Satish V. Bansod (2008) studied motives, drivers, obstacles and benefits of VMI practices in e-environment. Key variables were compared between small and large Indian industry questionnaires were filled by 112 large companies and 86 small companies and hypothesis was tested through independent sample t-test. It was resulted that motives, drivers, obstacles and benefits are considerably different for small and large enterprises while adopting VMI. It was found that the major objective for SMEs is profit improvement and for large companies is improved customer service. Driver for SMEs is competition and for large companies it is global supply chain. Obstacle in implementing VMI for SMEs is lack of IT infrastructure and for large companies is lack of trust between supply chain partners. Objective for SMEs is profit improvement and for large companies is improved customer service. Benefits gain for SMEs is better forecasting and for large companies is improved logistic an d distribution management. It is suggested that IT can gives companies advantages to maximize end consumer value and reduce operating expense as it gives the real time information of marketing conditions. Guillaume Marques et al (2008) examined the integrated view of the VMI. Outside the short term pull system inventory replenishment, partners have to share their demand forecast, requirements and their limitations to fix middle/long term common objectives. In order to conduct the study 28 articles were review and it was concluded that there was no doubt about the real application of VMI in industry. What clearly is VMI and how can it be correctly implement in supply chain is not clear. It cannot be justify whether VMI is a model, a process, a strategy, a relationship, a link. Juhwen Hwang, Su-Hwa Wu and Yu-Yen Huang (2008) studied the supplier performance enhancement in term of total relevant cost/unit. Three different models were proposed for single supplier with heterogeneous retailers, one is uncooperative model with independent inventory management system, second model was VMI model in which supplier is responsible for inventory replenishment order cost and certain degree of holding cost and third model was VMI/CRE model, in which VMI is combined with CRE (common replenishment epochs) strategy. Data was analyzed through Algorithm and numerical experimental design and it was concluded that VMI and VMI/CRE results are significant for supplier performance as compared with uncooperative model. For the future implication it is suggested that the supplier are required to provide incentives such as price discounts to compensate the losses which are bear by retailers so that aligning ordering schedules with CRE. Marloes J. T. Claassen et al (2008) studied the perspective of buyer in term of benefit gained through VMI. Research model was formulated having four key variables; quality of ICT system, quality of information, intensity of information sharing and relationship quality. Sample of 64 Dutch buyer responded through email and model was tested through Partial Least Square (PLS) technique. It was resulted that the quality of the buyer-supplier relation, quality of IT-system and intensity of service level has an impact on buyer-perceived VMI benefits and it is not impacted by actual quality of the information shared. Furthermore three outcomes of VMI performance are higher customer service level, efficient control over supply chain and cost reduction to some extent. It is proposed that the primary benefit of VMI implementation is not cost reduction; it is high customer service level and supply chain control which can be obtained through better relationship with supplier and efficient IT inf rastructure. Jouni Kauremaa et al (2009) found out the types of benefits of VMI program and its sharing at the five levels (supplier vs. buyer). An exploratory multiple case study research methodology was used. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interview from five operational levels. It is concluded that for buyer and supplier, VMI can lead to strategic and operational benefit both which is depending on pair intentions and contextual factors surrounding the given application. It is suggested that with the help of contextual factors VMI system can be designed with more accurate and perfect implementation targets. Kari Tanskanen et al (2009) investigated the challenges faced by the construction industry at corporate level to manage logistics and to evaluate VMI as a solution of logistics for small items. Three residential house construction companies were elected located in Helsinki, quantitative and qualitative data were collected through web cameras observations and interviews. Percentage analysis was applied on quantitative data and on the bases of outcomes it was concluded that VMI is a suitable solution for small item logistics for the construction companies. For future it is implicated to work on other industries located in different geographical location. Jongkyung Park et al (2009) investigated a framework for integrative SRM (supplier relation ship management) system by exploring broad approaches to overall SRM functions. Frame work includes five stages: Setting up of purchasing strategies, Selection of a supplier, Cooperation, supplier valuation and enhancement and endowment of continuous improvement. For this past studies related to SRM were examined and a framework for an integrative SRM system was recommended through which a case study was performed constructed on the systematic hierarchy procedure with a field survey. Results shows that the benefits of SRM can be obtained through the suggested framework and it is applicable to real fields through application case. It is recommended that this framework will help purchasing manager to analyze strategic features of SRM before and during the SRM system operation. Francesco Zammori et al (2009) identified the standard configuration of a vendor managed inventory (VMI) contract which will be a building block for the initial explanation of the agreement. For this study an Italian plant was selected as an ideal candidate because of complexity of its manufacturing process and the data in the form of the information flow and the technical specifics which are critical before any operational setup are recognized and discussed and formed as parameters for the explanation of the elementary frame of the agreement. It is revealed that VMI agreement should be organized into segments by having generic and legal sides and official aspects included in the annexes. This will increases the flexibility of agreement As VMI relationship progresses with the time.it is proposed that this flexible structure of VMI agreement can be easily implemented by several industrial fields. Atul et al (2010) studied the difference in the practices of VMI in small and large Indian industry. Key variables were objective, drivers, obstacles and impact of VMI in large and small Indian industries, questionnaires were filled by 98 large companies and 63 small companies and hypothesis was tested through independent sample t-test. It was resulted that objectives, strategic drivers, obstacles and affected operational areas are considerably different for small and large enterprises while adopting VMI. It was also found that the major objectives for adopting VMI are customer service and profit improvement. For future it is recommended that the research should be perform on more variables and for other geographical (culture) areas. METHODOLOGY Data were collected through primary source and research approach to be of qualitative in nature as the aim of this paper is to explore the supplier perception and opinion about implementation of VMI in FMCG companies operating in Pakistan. Exploratory semi structured interviews had been conducted with the key person of FMCG companies working in Pakistan. Then through the inductive reasoning observation will be analyzed and the theory is be generated.

What are the effect of bad parenting :: essays research papers

What are the affects of poor parenting: I always believed that you could see the effects of bad parenting, by studying the youth of today opposed to the youth of sixty years ago. The effects of bad parenting can be measured in many different ways. One of the things that we all forget about is â€Å"lead by example†. What we as adults, teach our children, is what our future generations will be as people. Another way you can observe the results is by looking at our prisons and jails. How many of the inmates really had an idealistic life, as opposed to the one’s that had a hard time growing up? Would their lives be any different today if; for example mom hadn’t worked or if dad didn’t drink. Who’s to say what works and what doesn’t work. Kids learn by watching adults and other children do the things that they do. You’re not going to be to convincing, if you tell impressionable children not to do something when they themselves are doing what they preach not to do. I have talked to a few people about this subject and these are some of the response’s that I have gottenâ€Å" If your not taught at home right and wrong, how are you supposed to learn† Brian twenty three and has no children, Maria thirty six, two children says â€Å" You have to listen to what your children are saying, and don’t talk at them† finally, Ken fifty one, one son said â€Å" I remember when my parents weren’t around if I was doing something I shouldn’t have been doing, my neighbors had the right to correct my actions in place of my parents, today people turn a blind eye for threat of negative ramifications. Whether that is angry parents or social services, to day people just aren’t involved like they used to be.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some people blame the school system, their kids friends, society, television, video games, the Internet, and being from a different culture but they never blame themselves for the poor behavior their children grow up to have. Raising children anywhere has to be a full time job, being a positive influence to some people just doesn’t seem to mean as much to people anymore. I could go on and on about this subject, listing the reasons why and what happens when bad

Introduction to Matlab

CHAPTER-5 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION MATLAB is a high-performance linguistic communication for proficient computer science. It integrates calculation, visual image, and programming in an easy-to-use environment where jobs and solutions are expressed in familiar mathematical notation. Typical utilizations include:Math and calculationAlgorithm developmentModeling, simulation, and prototypingData analysis, geographic expedition, and visual imageScientific and technology artworksApplication development, including graphical user interface edificeMATLAB is an synergistic system whose basic information component is an array that does non necessitate dimensioning. This allows you to work out many proficient calculating jobs, particularly those with matrix and vector preparations, in a fraction of the clip it would take to compose a plan in a scalar noninteractive linguistic communication such as C or FORTRAN. The name MATLAB stands for matrix research lab. MATLAB was originally written to supply easy entree to matrix package developed by the LINPACK and EISPACK undertakings. Today, MATLAB uses package developed by the LAPACK and ARPACK undertakings, which together represent the state-of-the-art in package for matrix calculation. MATLAB has evolved over a period of old ages with input from many users. In university environments, it is the standard instructional tool for introductory and advanced classs in mathematics, technology, and scientific discipline. In industry, MATLAB is the tool of pick for high-productivity research, development, and analysis. MATLAB features a household of application-specific solutions called tool chests. Very of import to most users of MATLAB, toolboxes let you to larn and use specialised engineering. Toolboxs are comprehensive aggregations of MATLAB maps ( M-files ) that extend the MATLAB environment to work out peculiar categories of jobs. Areas in which toolboxes are available include signal processing, control systems, nervous webs, fuzzed logic, ripples, simulation, and many others. The MATLAB System The MATLAB system consists of five chief parts: Development Environment. This is the set of tools and installations that help you use MATLAB maps and files. Many of these tools are graphical user interfaces. It includes the MATLAB desktop and Command Window, a bid history, and browsers for sing aid, the workspace, files, and the hunt way. The MATLAB Mathematical Function Library. This is a huge aggregation of computational algorithms runing from simple maps like amount, sine, cosine, and complex arithmetic, to more sophisticated maps like matrix opposite, matrix characteristic root of a square matrixs, Bessel maps, and fast Fourier transforms. The MATLAB Language. This is a high-ranking matrix/array linguistic communication with control flow statements, maps, informations constructions, input/output, and object-oriented scheduling characteristics. It allows both â€Å" scheduling in the little † to quickly make speedy and soiled throw-away plans, and â€Å" scheduling in the big † to make complete big and complex application plans. Handle Graphics ®. This is the MATLAB artworks system. It includes high-ranking bids for planar and 3-dimensional informations visual image, image processing, life, and presentation artworks. It besides includes low-level bids that allow you to to the full custom-make the visual aspect of artworks every bit good as to construct complete graphical user interfaces on your MATLAB applications. The MATLAB Application Program Interface ( API ) .This is a library that allows you to compose C and FORTRAN plans that interact with MATLAB. It include installations for naming modus operandis from MATLAB ( dynamic linking ) , naming MATLAB as a computational engine, and for reading and composing MAT-files. DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT Introduction This chapter provides a brief debut to get downing and discontinuing MATLAB, and the tools and maps that help you to work with MATLAB variables and files. For more information about the subjects covered here, see the corresponding subjects under Development Environment in the MATLAB certification, which is available online every bit good as in print. Get downing and Discontinuing MATLAB Get downing MATLAB On a Microsoft Windows platform, to get down MATLAB, double-click the MATLAB cutoff icon on your Windows desktop. On a UNIX platform, to get down MATLAB, type matlab at the operating system prompt. After get downing MATLAB, the MATLAB desktop opens – see MATLAB Desktop. You can alter the directory in which MATLAB starts, specify startup options including running a book upon startup, and cut down startup clip in some state of affairss. Discontinuing MATLAB To stop your MATLAB session, choice Exit MATLAB from the File bill of fare in the desktop, or type quit in the Command Window. To put to death specified maps each clip MATLAB quits, such as salvaging the workspace, you can make and run a finish.m book. MATLAB Desktop When you start MATLAB, the MATLAB desktop appears, incorporating tools ( graphical user interfaces ) for pull offing files, variables, and applications associated with MATLAB. The first clip MATLAB starts, the desktop appears as shown in the undermentioned illustration, although your Launch Pad may incorporate different entries. You can alter the manner your desktop expressions by gap, shutting, traveling, and resizing the tools in it. You can besides travel tools outside of the desktop or return them back inside the desktop ( docking ) . All the desktop tools provide common characteristics such as context bill of fare and keyboard cutoffs. You can stipulate certain features for the desktop tools by choosing Preferences from the File bill of fare. For illustration, you can stipulate the fount features for Command Window text. For more information, snap the Help button in the Preferences duologue box. Desktop Tools This subdivision provides an debut to MATLAB ‘s desktop tools. You can besides utilize MATLAB maps to execute most of the characteristics found in the desktop tools. The tools are:Current Directory BrowserWorkspace BrowserArray EditorEditor/DebuggerCommand WindowCommand HistoryLaunch PadHelp BrowserCommand Window Use the Command Window to come in variables and run maps and M-files. Figure 5.1: Basic Window of Matlab Command History Lines you enter in the Command Window are logged in the Command History window. In the Command History, you can see antecedently used maps, and transcript and execute selected lines. To salvage the input and end product from a MATLAB session to a file, use the diary map. Runing External Programs You can run external plans from the MATLAB Command Window. The exclaiming point character! is a shell flight and indicates that the remainder of the input line is a bid to the operating system. This is utile for raising public-service corporations or running other plans without discontinuing MATLAB. On Linux, for illustration! emacs magik.m invokes an editor called emacs for a file named magik.m. When you quit the external plan, the operating system returns command to MATLAB. Launch Pad MATLAB Launch Pad provides easy entree to tools, demos, and certification. Help Browser Use the Help browser to seek and see certification for all your Math Works merchandises. The Help browser is a Web browser integrated into the MATLAB desktop that displays HTML paperss. To open the Help browser, snap the aid button in the toolbar, or type aid browser in the Command Window. The Help browser consists of two window glasss, the Help Navigator, which you use to happen information, and the show window glass, where you view the information. Help Navigator Use to Help Navigator to happen information. It includes: Merchandise filter– Set the filter to demo certification merely for the merchandises you specify. Contentss check– Position the rubrics and tabular arraies of contents of certification for your merchandises. Index check– Discovery specific index entries ( selected keywords ) in the Math Works certification for your merchandises. Search check– Expression for a specific phrase in the certification. To acquire aid for a specific map, set the Search type to Function Name. Favorites tab– Position a list of paperss you antecedently designated as favourites. Display Pane After happening certification utilizing the Help Navigator, position it in the show window glass. While sing the certification, you can: Browse to other pages– Use the pointers at the tops and undersides of the pages, or utilize the dorsum and forward buttons in the toolbar. Bookmark pages– Chink the Add to Favorites button in the toolbar. Print pages– Chink the print button in the toolbar. Find a term in the page– Type a term in the Find in page field in the toolbar and chink Go. Other characteristics available in the show window glass are: copying information, measuring a choice, and sing Web pages. Current Directory Browser MATLAB file operations use the current directory and the hunt way as mention points. Any file you want to run must either be in the current directory or on the hunt way. Search Path To find how to put to death maps you call, MATLAB uses a search way to happen M-files and other MATLAB-related files, which are organized in directories on your file system. Any file you want to run in MATLAB must shack in the current directory or in a directory that is on the hunt way. By default, the files supplied with MATLAB and Math Works tool chests are included in the hunt way. Workspace Browser The MATLAB workspace consists of the set of variables ( named arrays ) built up during a MATLAB session and stored in memory. You add variables to the workspace by utilizing maps, running M-files, and lading saved workspaces. To see the workspace and information about each variable, use the Workspace browser, or utilize the maps who and World Health Organization. To cancel variables from the workspace, select the variable and choice Delete from the Edit bill of fare. Alternatively, utilize the clear map. Array Editor Double-click on a variable in the Workspace browser to see it in the Array Editor. Use the Array Editor to see and redact a ocular representation of one- or planar numeral arrays, strings, and cell arrays of strings that are in the workspace. Editor/Debugger Use the Editor/Debugger to make and debug M-files, which are plans you write to run MATLAB maps. The Editor/Debugger provides a graphical user interface for basic text redaction, every bit good as for M-file debugging. You can utilize any text editor to make M-files, such as Emacs, and can utilize penchants ( accessible from the desktop File bill of fare ) to stipulate that editor as the default. If you use another editor, you can still utilize the MATLAB Editor/Debugger for debugging, or you can utilize debugging maps, such as dbstop, which sets a breakpoint. MANIPULATING Matrixs Entering Matrixs The best manner for you to acquire started with MATLAB is to larn how to manage matrices. Start MATLAB and follow along with each illustration. You can come in matrices into MATLAB in several different ways:Enter an expressed list of elements.Load matrices from external informations files.Generate matrices utilizing constitutional maps.Create matrices with your ain maps in M-files.Start by come ining Durer ‘s matrix as a list of its elements. You have merely to follow a few basic conventions:Separate the elements of a row with spaces or commas.Use a semicolon, ; , to bespeak the terminal of each row.Surround the full list of elements with square brackets, [ ] .5.6 Matlab DIP Toolbox Instructions Matlab digital image processing tool chest is able to execute a big assorted image processing undertakings. There are two of import I/O instructions ( imread and imwrite ) to lade and salvage images with assorted extensions. Usual data type of images is 8 spot unsigned whole number which is non conventional for matlab. Major portion of maps deal with dual type variables. accordingly, it is recommended to change over image matrix to duplicate informations type utilizing dual direction. Instruction manuals as imshow and use signifier purely obey such dynamic scope restraints. three types of images are defined in matlab: colour, grey and indexed. For each pel of a colour image, 3 bytes are dedicated to colour constituents. It is possible to transform good known colour infinites withmakecformandapplycform. A particular instance of grey images is black and white images with merely two strength degrees. The last image type is indexed image in which each pel has an index umpiring to an spec ific colour in associated colour map. Color infinite transforms are besides applicable to colourise maps while colour maps besides obey dual and uint8 dynamic scopes. except for pull outing colour image from grey or BW images ( which has its ain ambiguity ) , there are maps to change over other images. The often used Image Processing tool box instructions are shown below: ImshowDisplay image ImreadRead image from artworks file ImwriteWrite image to artworks file ImfinfoInformation about artworks file ImnoiseAdd noise to image ImcropCrop image ImresizeResize image ImrotateRotate image ImsaveSave Image Tool MakecformCreate colour transmutation construction ApplycformApply device-independent colour infinite transmutation gray2indConvert grayscale or binary image to indexed image ind2grayConvert indexed image to grayscale image mat2grayConvert matrix to grayscale image rgb2grayConvert RGB image or colour map to grayscale ind2rgbConvert indexed image to RGB image label2rgbConvert label matrix into RGB image multithreshMultilevel image thresholds utilizing Otsu ?s method im2bwConvert image to binary image, based on threshold graythreshGlobal image threshold utilizing Otsu ‘s method graysliceConvert grayscale image to indexed image utilizing multilevel thresholding im2doubleConvert image to duplicate preciseness im2int16Convert image to 16-bit signed whole numbers im2java2dConvert image to Java buffered image im2singleConvert image to individual preciseness im2uint16Convert image to 16-bit unsigned whole numbers im2uint8Convert image to 8-bit unsigned whole numbers imadjustAdjust image strength values or colormap imcontrastAdjust Contrast tool imsharpenSharpen image utilizing un crisp cover histeqEnhance contrast utilizing histogram equalisation adapthisteqContrast-limited adaptative histogram equalisation ( CLAHE ) bwmorphMorphological operations on binary images bwareaArea of objects in binary image bwulterodeUltimate eroding bwareaopenRemove little objects from binary image imcloseMorphologically close image imdilateDilate image imerodeErode image imfillFill image parts and holes imopenMorphologically unfastened image imcloseMorphologically close image strelCreate morphological structuring component ( STREL ) subimageDisplay multiple images in individual figure immovieMake film from multiframe image implayPlay films, pictures, or image sequences imwarpApply geometric transmutation to image imdisplayrangeDisplay Range tool imdistlineDistance tool imroiRegion-of-interest ( ROI ) base category impixelregionPixel Region tool imellipseCreate draggable oval impolyCreate draggable, resizable polygon imrectCreate draggable rectangle imfreehandCreate draggable freehand part imlineCreate draggable, resizable line impointCreate draggable point RoipolySpecify polygonal part of involvement ( ROI ) poly2maskConvert part of involvement ( ROI ) polygon to part mask roicolorSelect part of involvement ( ROI ) based on colour roifillFill in specified part of involvement ( ROI ) polygon in grayscale image roifilt2Filter part of involvement ( ROI ) in image imshowpairCompare differences between images Introduction to Matlab Lab 1 Introduction to MATLAB and Simulink Objectives: 1. The student should be able to understand the used of Matlab simulation package for analysis. 2. The student should be able to understand the used of simulink tool to analyse a given system. Part A: Matlab programming 1) Use MATLAB to generate the transfer function G(s) = 5(s+15)(s+26)(s+72) s(s+55)(s+47)(s+56)(s+89) in the following ways: The ratio of factors (i) (ii) The ratio of polynomials (b) Test the transfer function for (i) Stability Step response. Peak time? Settling time? % Overshoot? (ii) (iii) Steady state error for a unit step input 1 Part B: Simulink tool. ) Find the transfer function T(s) = C(s)/R(s) for the system shown in Figure 1. Given that G1(s) = 1/(s+7), G2(s) = 1/(s2+2s+3), G3(s) = 1/(s+4), G4 = 1/s G5(s) = 5/(s+7), G6(s) = 1/(s2 + 5s+10), G7=3/(s+2) and G8 = 1/(s+6). {Hint : Use the connect and blkbuild commands in MATLAB's Control System Toolbox} (a) Analyse the system for stability, steady-state error a nd time response to a unit step input, a unit ramp input and a hyperbolic input. (b) Connect the blocks in SIMULINK and verify for the time response obtained in (a) . G8(s) G6(s) R(s) G1(s) + + + G3(s) + G7(s) + G2(s) + + G4(s) + C(s) G5(s) Figure 1 2

Implicit and Explicit Learning: Two Different Systems?

Implicit and explicit learning: Two different systems? Implicit and explicit learning methods have been empirically tested over many years and the debate still goes on, are they connected to one another or are they two separate systems? This essay aims to evaluate studies on both sides and come to a conclusion based on current research. Implicit learning was first defined as, how one develops intuitive knowledge about the underlying structure of a complex stimulus environment, without a conscious effort (Reber, 1967).This in Lehman’s terms is essentially unconscious learning, meaning that certain things are learned without our brain being actively used to learn them. Explicit learning on the other hand is defined by Mathers et al (1989) as being very similar to the conscious problem solving processes, this is because our brain attempts to form a mental representation of the task and searches memory for previous knowledge before testing mental models of task performance. Grant & Berg (1948) showed just how clear implicit learning is when they created the Wisconsin card-sorting test (WCST).The participants had to categorize cards but were not told how to categorize them, but only if it was right or wrong. After a few tries the participants were able to successfully match the cards to the right categories however when asked why they could not explain why they matched the card to that category, showing that this learning was done implicitly and is hard to explain how they came to that conclusion. A clear example of explicit learning is when a child is learning their math timetables because they are consciously participating in a new learning exercise.Cleeremans & Jimenez (2002) describes implicit-explicit learning as a continuum whereas Aizenstein et al (2004) suggests that different areas of the brain are active during different types of learning. As there are different types of learning, there are also different types of memory and learning and memory are inextricably linked with one another. Therefore neurologists and psychologists have argued that if there are 2 separate systems of memory then surely, as memory and learning are so closely interlinked, learning must also have a similar system (Kihlstrom, Dorfman & Park, 2007).Grammar learning has being at the centre of the majority of research as the human brain deciphers grammar through both memory and learning. This was shown in Reber (1967) study or artificial grammar learning, where he presented participants with a string of artificial sentences that have been created by using a complex set of grammatical rules. Reber concluded that while all the sentences across both groups technically made no sense, participants identified that there was a set of grammatical rules behind the sentences.When the sentences changed and some were grammatically correct and some were not, participants knew that there was something wrong about the sentence however they could not explain what this was. This is because the participants were unconsciously learning the set of rules while reading the sentence. During different types of learning, different areas of the brain become active and have increased blood flow, this presents a solid platform for a multiple system view of learning in humans.This debate has been discussed in the context of memory as well as learning systems. Goschke (1998) provides evidence for this when he studied the implicit learning of motor sequences. Goschke discovered, through brain imaging, that different domain-specific areas of the brain became active during motor sequence learning, areas that suggest the different areas of the brain become active through one learning task. Consequently proposing the theory for independent learning systems.This theory was reinforced when Aizenstein (2004) used modern technology in the form of fMRI scans to measure regional brain activity during concurrent implicit and explicit sequence learning, this study found that b rain activity was very similar in both types of learning. With the visual cortex and the striatum showing activity in both conditions, however the main difference between the conditions was direction of activation change in the visual cortex. In the implicit condition the visual particle had a negative ? indicating a reduced response related with the learning trials. The prefrontal cortex was also activated more in the explicit condition. Although Aizenstein found a difference in the regional brain activity, there was also an overlap in activity in the two conditions, replicating the findings of Willingham, Salidis & Gabrieli (2002) and Schendan, Searl, Melrose & Stern (2003). There has been evidence found in studies on amnesia patients that strongly suggests that implicit and explicit memory is two very distinct systems.Levy, Stark & Squire (2004) discovered that, through a series of experiments on memory-impaired patients, implicit priming (the identification of an item is improve d from an earlier encounter) is still intact in the patients. However new priming proves to be difficult for them. This is due to damage to the hippocampus and other related structures in the medial temporal lobe consequently amnesiacs find a task difficult if it depends on the linking of unrelated items.As there are many models of multiple learning systems that have being empirically tested over the years, this has become the most commonly accepted model of learning. This is also due to modern technology such as fMRI also reinforcing certain factors that suggest a multiple system view, as Aizenstein (2004) showed. Consequently not many researchers take it on themselves to go against the majority and opt to research a singular system view of learning. However, despite a small amount of valid research on this topic, there is still substantial evidence that prolongs this debate.Cleermans & Jimenez (2002) present research that indicates the learning process is not two separate systems of implicit and explicit learning, but that it is a continuum. This continuum runs from weak learning, implicit learning, along to strong learning, explicit learning, therefore proposing learning not as two separate systems but as a single loop of learning. Perruchet & Amorim (1992) ran a series of experiments on sequence learning and the effect of conscious knowledge on changes in performance.Through these experiments they concluded that, although many claims have being made for dissociations between learning systems, Perruchet & Amorim regarded these as groundless. Meaning that although there might have been experiments created to thoroughly test the hypotheses, Perruchet & Amorim argued that these tests failed to provide reliable empirical support for dissociation. Stanton & Nosofsky (2007) also provided evidence against the multiple learning systems hypothesis.In this study, Stanton & Nosofsky aimed to reverse the dissociations already established by Reber (1967) and Goshke (199 8). He aimed to do this to demonstrate how the earlier studies failed to provide solid evidence for a dissociation, by reversing the dissociation Stanton & Nosofsky showed just how invalid the previous results were. They concluded that a better research strategy would be to create more fully specified versions of both multiple and single system models of learning therefore being able to evaluate them more wholly.Another key point raised by Willingham & Goedert-Eschmann (1999) is that despite learning being a multiple system, there is evidence for a single system connection. They provide evidence that connects the two systems by parallel learning. When a participant is explicitly learning a sequence, their implicit knowledge of the task is improving alongside explicit learning, consequently signifying a connection between the two systems.Willingham & Goedert-Eschmann focused this research on the parallelism of the two structures as little research had been done on this theory because of the amount of researchers focusing their resources on the separability of the two systems. In evaluation, the literature reviewed in this essay has being quite compelling, with the majority of research on a multiple system view of learning it seems to be the most widely accepted theory despite no concluding evidence. As there has been a vast amount of research on a multiple system view, there is little on a single system view thus making it hard to evaluate both systems fairly.Despite this, using the literature I have discovered, a conclusion can be made that there is more evidence for a multiple system of learning. Especially in neurophysiology shown by Aizenstein’s (2004) results from the fMRI scans did show some slight differences in brain activity when different tasks were presented that required implicit and explicit knowledge/learning. On the other hand Cleermans & Jimenez (2002) suggest that there are slight differences, similar to Aizenstein (2004), however this i s due to a singular system in the form of a continuum.As memory and learning are closely connected and there has being different types of memory established, short-term memory and long term memory, there has been many researchers looking for a link between memories and learning processes. As learning is defined as the process of laying down some sort of memory trace, there is no reason to suspect that different memory systems will be able to identify certain categories of learning (Ashby & Maddox, 2005). Despite all of the research up to date, no single piece of research has been able to show that different types of memory and learning are directly linked to one another.However Ashby and Maddox did conclude that different memory types (for example sensory and primary memory, short term and long term memory) could identify different categories of learning consequently suggesting that more research needs doing into this phenomenon. Willingham & Goedert-Eschmann (1999) provided an inte resting explanation of the learning system, they hinted at two separate systems of learning, an implicit system and a completely separate explicit system, that were connected. This was through parallel learning.For example as we explicitly learn a sequence, our implicit system is learning concurrently with our explicit system. Providing evidence for a new theory that, although they are two separate systems, they still work together. Finally, judging from the research that has being done, a conclusion can be made that although the majority of literature out there is focusing on trying to separate the two systems and support the multiple system theory of learning, there are still unanswered questions that have arisen from research.Cleermans & Jimenez (2002) provide a very interesting approach to these theories and propose an idea of a learning continuum, this question is still unanswered 10 years after the theory was proposed. Willingham & Goedert-Eschmann (1999) also have an input in to this debate, they suggest that while explicit and implicit learning systems are separate, they are still constantly synchronized because whilst we are explicitly learning something, our implicit system is working to store the knowledge so we do not need to consciously engage our brains next time we come across the same or similar problem.The final question that is still unanswered is a debate that has gone on for decades, is learning and memory connected? The final answer to that question is yes, yes it is however researchers are still looking into whether certain types of learning go to certain areas of the brain to be stored as memory or whether memory types cannot distinguish category learning. In conclusion, from current research, the most widely accepted theory is that there are multiple learning systems and that it is not a singular system for both explicit and implicit learning.References Aizenstein, H. J. , Stenger, V. A. , Cochran, J. , Clark, K. , Johnson, M. , Nebes, R . D. , & Carter, C. S. (2004). Regional Brain Activation during Concurrent Implicit and Explicit Sequence Learning. Oxford Journals: Life Sciences & Medicines, Cerebral Cortex, 14(2), 199-208 Ashby, F. G. , & Maddox, W. T. (2005). Human Category Learning. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 149-178. Cleeremans, A. , & Jimenez, L. (2002). Implicit Learning and consciousness: A graded, dynamic perspective. In R. M. French & A.Cleeremans (Eds. ), Implicit Learning and Consciousness (p1-40) Hove UK: Psychology Press. Goschke, T. (1998) Implicit learning of perceptual and motor sequences: Evidence for independent systems, in Handbook of Implicit Learning (Stadler, M. A. and Frensch, P. , eds), pp. 401–444, Sage Publications. Grant, D. A. , & Berg, E. (1948). A behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to new responses in Weigl-type card-sorting problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 404–411. Levy, D. , Stark, C. & Squire, L. 2004). Intact Co nceptual Priming in the Absence of Declarative Memory. Psychological Science, 15(10), 680-686 Kihlstrom, J. , Dorfman, J. , & Park, L. (2007). Implicit and Explicit Memory and Learning. Retrieved November 6th, 2012, from http://ist-socrates. berkeley. edu/~kihlstrm/IandMLandM. htm Mathers, R. C. , Buss, B. B. , Stanley, W. B. , Blanchard-Fields, F. , Cho, J. R. , & Druhan, B. (1989). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 15(6), 1083-1100. Perruchet, P. , & Amorim, M. (1992). Conscious knowledge and changes in performance in sequence learning: evidence against dissociation. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition, 18, 785-800. Reber, A. S. (1967). Implicit learning of artificial grammars. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 77, 312-327. Schendan, H. E. , Searl, M. M. , Melrose, R. J. , & Stern, C. E. (2003). An fMRI study of the role of the medial temporal lobe in implicit and explicit sequence learning. Neuron 37(6) ,1013–1025. Stanton, R. , & Nosofsky, R. (2007).Feedback interference and dissociations of classification: Evidence against the multiple-learning-systems hypothesis. Journal of Memory & Cognition, 35(7), 1747-1758. Willingham, D. B. , & Goedert-Eschmann, K. (1999). The Relation Between Implicit and Explicit Learning: Evidence for Parallel Development. Psychological Science, 10(6), 531-534. Willingham, D. B. , Salidis, J. , & Gabrieli, J. D. (2002). Direct comparison of neural systems mediating conscious and unconscious skill learning. Journal of Neurophysiology, 88(3), 1451–1460.

Thesis (Point of Sale System)

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION â€Å"Our belief at the beginning of a doubtful undertaking is the one thing that assures the successful outcome of any  venture† Starting up small businesses is a risky venture, particularly for first-time entrepreneurs. Taking a cautious approach and starting small is the best way to launch a small business. Entrepreneurs should avoid investing so much of their personal money that they would be financially ruined should the small-business venture fail.Starting a service business allows a skillful entrepreneur with a specialized background to capitalize on his skills to the fullest potential, sometimes earning more than they could work as an employee plying the same trade. They often doing more of the same things that made them successful in the first place and so are the humble beginnings of â€Å"LNKS†. They are the first t-shirt store in their place. June 2010 â€Å"LNKS† was built at Dona Erika Brgy. Zone 2, Talisay City by Achilles Palma, Christian Sausa, Rodzil Camato, Mary Ver Libo-on and Shiera Mae Tuting, group of friends since they were in college.The primary target of the business is the schools that surround the establishment and also the near offices, houses, community and passersby from other cities. The products of this business are produced to meet the customer’s new life style, sense of taste and expectations for better quality less expense t-shirts. Method of transportation is provided to facilitate an efficient distribution of the products to the respective customers. Promotion and advertisement of our products is applied. The investors are the owners of this business and it is now successfully booming in the industry.Honesty and professionalism is what the owners believe that makes the business stand still for a long time. LNKS is using manual system in every transactions and it’s hard for the cashier because it is time consuming and sometimes mistakes can’t be avoided. 1. 1 Organizational Background LNKS is an exciting new business that allows people to custom design a shirt, specifically the design on the front or back. LNKS will harness the power of computer sublimation to allow custom shirt printing in production runs as small as one unit.The company was founded last June 2010 by Achilles Palma, Christian Sausa, Rodzil Camato, Mary Ver Libo-on and Shiera Mae Tuting, LNKS have a storefront in Talisay City as well as a comprehensive website that advertise their products. Imagine the ability to create a totally custom shirt. You choose the material and style of the shirt, and then the image or graphic you want on the front and/or back. This is the ultimate form of expression. There are no limits to what you can communicate. Some people might show their fanaticism for a particular sports team, others a musician or you might have a social message or cause on your shirt.Whatever you may decide,  you can print any image on your shirt because it’s not just a shirt it’s who you are. 1. 2 Company Mission and Vision Mission LNKS’ will offer the finest in custom shirt sublimation production, the best product at the best price and customer's expectations will always be exceeded. Vision A company that shareholders, customers and society want with trustworthy leading brands for our consumers and customers' preferred supplier. 1. 3 Unit DescriptionGraphic Designer Web Developer Owner/ Manager Accountant Customer Services Production SupervisorOperation Staff Staff Sales Marketing Fig. 1. 0 Organizational Chart Description The owner/manager is the proprietor of the business. The owner hired a manager to run the business without him or without his supervision or supervise the business himself. The graphic designer supervisor is the one in charge in making all the designs and plans. The web developer is the one who is in charge in doing the advertisement or develop a website for the business as online presence. Production supervisor is the one who supervise if the products meet the supply and demands of the customer.Accountant is the one who does all the financial statement of the company, do the auditing if the business is gaining or losing. Sales marketing are the people who let the business be known in the market they do the advertisement or do some launching to make the business more popular for the consumer. Operation staff is the one in charge in the operation and the one who make decision on what to do or not if there is a problem occur. Who make sure that everything in the operation or in the building is doing good, he is also in charge on those machines and equipments being used if it is still good to used for or not or need a replacement.Customer service is the people who answer customer’s complaints and queries. Staffs make sure that everything was polished and products are ready to market. 1. 4 Current System Description LNKS is using manual system for selling products. Every time there is a buyer, the seller still writes everything from recording sales to receipts. Monthly inventory were based on sales recorded in every transactions. Inventory takes a lot time to discern the result because recorded transactions need to be reviewed first since sometimes error cannot be avoided. The manual system consumes a lot of time and it is laborious for the cashier. . 5 Current Data Flow Diagram Items’ Details Receipt 0 Manual POS Verification of Transaction Client Cashier Bill’s Information Items to be purchased Fig. 2. 0 Context Data Flow Diagram of the Current System This illustrates the Data Flow Diagram of the Walk-in/Order Transaction of the Current System. The cycle shows how the transaction works out. As the customer enter the store he/she will choose from the products then it will pass through the cashier were all the data/ bill will be calculated and written down and bills must be paid before customer gets the product/s. . 0 Verification of Produc t Product Information Cashier Product Client 2. 0 Calculating of Bills Bills’ Information Account Details 3. 0 Payment of Bills Bill/Payment Receipt and Purchased Product/s 4. 0 Issuance of Receipt Fig. 3. 0 First Explosion Data Flow Diagram of Walk-In Transaction of the Current System This explosion shows the walk-in transaction. Transaction starts when the customer enters the shop. As he/she chooses a product it will go through the cashier. Product will be first verified while the cashier writes everything into a ledger and receipt.Bills will be calculated manually or calculator will be used. After calculating the customer pays the bill and gets his/her receipt and product/s. 4. 0 Issuance of Receipt 3. 0 Paying of Partial/Full Payment 2. 0 Calculation of Bills 1. 0 Verifying of Products Product Stocks Items’ Information Product Client Cashier Bills’ Information Account Details Bill/Payment Claim Slip Claim Slip Receipt and Purchased Product/s Finished Product /s 5. 0 Issuance of Product/s Fig. 4. 0 First Explosion Data Flow Diagram of Order Transaction of Current SystemThe only difference between walk-in and order transaction is that order customer could pay partial or full and products will be given on the date agreed. 1. 6 Proposed Data Flow DiagramVerification of Transaction Cashier 0 Automated POS Receipt Client Item/s to be purchased Sales Fig. 5. 0 Context Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System This illustrates the Data Flow Diagram of the Walk-in/Order Transaction of the Proposed System. The cycle shows how the transaction works out on proposed system. As the customer enter the store he/she will choose from the products then it will pass through the cashier were the sales happen.Sales include the inputting of data, calculating and payment of bills which all happens on the system. Printed receipt and product/s will be given afterwards but for the order transaction products will be delivered or fetch on the agreed date. 1. 0 Sales Product Information Product Client Cashier 1. 3 Payment of bills 1. 1 Verification of Product Account Details 2. 0 Issuance of Receipt Receipt and product/s Purchased Bills’ Information 1. 2 Calculating of bills Bill/Payment Fig. 6. 0 First Explosion Data Flow Diagram of Walk-in Transaction of the Propose System.This illustrates the detailed Data Flow Diagram of Walk-in Transaction of the Proposed System. On proposed system everything will be easy and faster because all you/cashier have to do is to input data into the system and the system works everything for you/cashier. As the customer chooses a product/s, cashier input the date and quantity, he/she chooses on the product list price automatically appear, system calculates the total amount and receipt will be printed out. Then product and receipt will be given to the customer. Product Product Stocks 1. 0 Sales Inventory Cashier ClientProduct Information 2. 1 Verification of transaction 2. 0 Sales Bills Information 3. 0 Iss uance of receipt Receipt 2. 2 Calculating/ payment of bills Receipt 3. 0 Issuance of products Products Fig. 7. 0 First Explosion Data Flow Diagram of the Order Transaction of the Current System This illustrates the detailed Data Flow Diagram of the Order Transaction of the Current System. Walk-in and order transaction is almost the same. First is that the customer chooses from the list of product and gives added information or requests while the cashier input those data into the system.System will calculate everything for the cashier and as the customer pays the bill, customer will just wait for the delivery of the purchased products on the date agreed. CHAPTER II Project Charter This chapter discusses the strategies being done by the proponent that made them came out with the idea of improving the manual operations inside the business. This chapter also includes the problem statements and the objectives of the project. 2. 2 Statement of the Problem The lists of problems of the curr ent system used of the business are as follows: . Consumes a lot of time on writing every single detail in each transactions. 2. Loss of documents because of unsecure storage due to paper works and ledger. 3. Incorrect/unreliable result of inventory depending on manual list. 2. 1 Project Objective The exact objectives of the proposed Point of Sale System are as follows: 1. Make every transaction easy and faster because cashier will just input data to the computer. 2. To avoid loss of information/data of transaction because of secure storage and backups are available. 3.To have an accurate total inventory because of automatic calculation of sold/unsold products. 2. 3 Scope and Limitation The main concern of this project is the daily transactions and inventory of LNKS. The purpose of this project is to solve the problem about manual transaction. POS helps LNKS in recording sales, inventory, reports and printed receipts. The POS will be a competitive advantage to business competitors. 2. 4 Project Vision Customers want a faster transaction and that is the LNKS Point of Sale. Records of data are manageable, reliable and well-organized for inventory. 2. 5 Business ConstraintsAll of them are in favor of the project proposal of Point of Sale of LNKS. But we can't avoid constraint like having employees who isn’t comfortable or used to of using computer yet they are willing to undergo training. Because we are now in a computer generated world customers will surely approve because it will make every transactions faster and reliable. 2. 6 Project Strategy The company studied to find out the problem and gather some suggestion for the betterment of the transaction of the company. The company considers the affect of manual transaction to the cashier and inventory.Company even interacts with other company to mobilize the current system for transaction. The programmer decided to use Microsoft Visual Studio and Access for database to keep track on every data inputted in the Point of Sale System. Programmers studied every corner of the manual transaction for them to know and to figure out what are the problems to be solved and applied in the Point of Sale System. CHAPTER III Review of Related Literature This chapter contains different companies that use POS system in their businesses. The proponents are eager to enhance the capability of the proposed system.In relation to that this chapter’s contents will give the proponents ideas on how to optimize and enhance the system that they would like to have for the benefits of user, employees, the business and the clients. 3. 1 Local Literature E. C. PAY Through the years, E. C. Pay has produced several products and services that catered to the needs of its merchant clients. Several of these noteworthy achievements include real-time loading of air-time credits, bills payment, electronic pins, retailer loading, and POS integration services. Features Technological Conveniences Simple, user-friendly a nd robust system * Electronic dispensing of e-pins done real-time (i. e. virtually unlimited variety of prepaid card products can be made available) * multi-platform solution enables merchants to select an option suitable to their current business practice and operating procedures * E. C. Pay's time-tested prepaid virtual wallet system allows for a â€Å"liquid inventory† so that merchants are no longer saddled with the cost of unsold or non-moving products * Updates for new products and services are done centrally by E.C. Pay so there is no need to update the storefront for any change * Real-time Settlement and Reconciliation * Automated Back-office Billing * Daily / Weekly / Monthly reports are sent to the merchants in their preferred formats. * Replenishment is made simpler by loading through other E. C. Pay accredited merchants. Cost Savings / Added Revenue * Reduction/elimination of opportunity losses resulting from stock-outs and over-stocks * Reduction/elimination in p repaid inventory-related costs: a) Handling, b) Receiving, c) Storing, and; ) Delivery * Reduction/elimination of pilferage/theft of prepaid products * Additional revenues arising from other products and services aside from prepaid loading * Additional revenues from advertising and promotions, and partner-sponsored promos and events Security * Various Encryption methodologies are employed generously throughout every possible process to ensure the safe storage and delivery of services * E. C. Pay's NOC is safely secured in IBM Plaza in Eastwood and is redundant in another VITRO location. * Advanced feedback (i. e. se of â€Å"warning flags† in reconciliation reports to alert clients on potential settlement problems) * Provides access controls for various levels of Web access within a single client * Full audit trails are disclosed and made available to client merchants on their transactions 7-ELEVEN 7-Eleven Food stores migrate to NEC Point-of-Sale system In a move to meet the ir plans of doubling net income from P9. 3 million of last year, PSC began its foray into information technology to further improve its franchisee and company store operations that will translate to better sales and more responsive customer care.PSC adopted a new point-of-sale (POS) system that is meant to respond more efficiently to the demands of today’s breed of consumers. This includes the provision for one-stop, round-the-clock on-line repayment and purchase services ranging from utility bills to credit card. Features * Efficient distribution of information from store site to corporate site * Multi-store Editing – maintain single corporate database of PLU’s, Prices, Taxes and Screen * Layouts by database store group * Maintain individual store database for employee, store messages and ommunication * Consolidated reporting by time or store group, by region or a combination * Password protected security levels * Schedule daily and weekly tasks such as importi ng files and receiving consolidated reports * Prices can be assigned to a group of stores or assigned by each store * Hi-speed connections at each site allows store to connect to internet provider via: Router with DSL cable Router with Modem Back-up * Individual store automatically â€Å"pushes† files by schedule to the FTP site * Store database updates downloaded files prior to activation with confirmation. 3. Foreign Literature WENDY’S INTERNATIONAL Wendy’s International has chosen WAND NextGen Point of sale software for its franchisees. WAND currently has more than 1,600 Wendy’s restaurant installations, providing an intimate knowledge of the Wendy’s system. Wendy’s is engaged in a Point of Sale system which would: * Support conversional ordering * Increase accuracy and speed * Allow for significant growth in menu offerings. WAND NexGen POS conducted field studies in various markets and store types, learning about emplyees’ struggl es, frustrations, and the unique context in which their employees work.WAND brought back some surprising findings regarding customer interaction, employees’ use of technology (and ways they got around its limitations. ) The proponents also provided insights which helped corporate adjust the way they monitored and communicated with employees. WAND analyzed customer orders collected in the field, and created a design based on this and a host of other data. Thus, the design was founded not only on solid usability principles, but also on hard data specific to the Wendy’s environment. The new design allows cashiers to: Take an order as the customer speaks it with less transaction and fewer interruptions. -Easily make adjustments when the customer changes his/her mind. -Assess order accuracy at the point of interaction, rather than having to continually check the virtual receipt. -Quickly find needed menu items and functions, due to an organization ad flow that matches the w ay they think. -The new design has produced a 90% reduction in voids while increasing speed of service, order accuracy, customer satisfaction, and average check size. NICKY NICOLENicky Nicole, a children’s fashion store located in Hudson, Ohio, has only been open a year, but already business is solid. Specializing in clothing, jewelry and items for young girls between the ages of 4-14, Nicky Nicole is quickly merging into the fashion scene. Starting a new business can be overwhelming, but MJ Leman, the owner of Nicky Nicole, did the research and decided long before the store opened that she would use the latest technology to give her an operational advantage. Lehman’s goal from the start was to establish a data-driven based operating system that could accurately track buying and selling.The challenge was finding a cost efficient and easy to use system that would meet the needs of this new specialty store. WASP Quick Store POS Solution was suggested to Nicky Nicole beca use it includes everything needed to control inventory, conduct sales and manage the customized requirements of a retail business. What the system establishes is the ability to keep track of what is selling and allows the owner to make the proper business decisions when it comes to new orders. In addition, the combination of this detailed data captures system and a clearly labeled inventory guarantees that every sale is professional and error free.This enables Nicky Nicole to increase productivity by eliminating the need for paper files, handwritten data reports, Lehman will not have to worry about lost inventory or stock-outs. With the Wasp POS system, tracking inventory and managing sales at Nicky Nicole is simple. Wasp Quick Store Point of Sale gives this small business access to the same technology that allows the larger, higher-volume retailers too quickly and accurate manage transactions. This complete business management system gives Lehman total control of her store from the sales registers to the stock room and every step in between. . 3 Summary of Findings Based on what the researcher researched and on the data gathered in both local and foreign companies uses Point of Sale System, the researcher found an idea about how the system will look like. The feature of the Point of Sale System is said to be more accurate and much faster in making every transaction. The system will enable also to provide and manage for maintenance and transaction which can generate an accurate and detailed report ready for submission in every inventory. The system also has various features which involve user-friendly interface and fast lookups.CHAPTER IV FORMS and DATA ANALYSIS 4. 1 Form Description This is where the forms are shown and its functions. Fig. 8. 0 LOG IN FORM Log-in form is where every data/transaction of a business is secured. The only one who can access through the stored files is the admin and limited areas for the user/cashier. Fig. 9. 0 MAIN FORM Main form has the record of all transactions; list of products, suppliers, customers, sales order, purchase order and reports. Fig. 10. 0 PRODUCT FORM Product form is where product’s data is added, stored and could be deleted. Fig. 11. 0 SALES FORMSales Form has the record of sales transaction; date of sales, cashier, customer, product, quantity, price and total amount. It also has the button for printing receipt. Fig. 12. 0 PURCHASE ORDER FORM Purchase order form has the record of purchase transaction; date of sales, cashier, customer, product, quantity, price and total amount. It also has the button for printing receipt. Fig. 13. 0 ADD CUSTOMER FORM Customer form is where customer’s data is added, stored and could be deleted. Fig. 14. 0 ADD USERS FORM Users Form is where the admin could add another user, edit user’s data or delete a user.Fig. 15. 0 CASHIER FORM Cashier form has a limited button for cashier unlike main form where the only one who could access is the admi n. The cashier could only access the sales, sales order and reports. Fig. 16. 0 CUSTOMER FORM Customer Form has the list, with its information, of the entire customer that LNKS has encountered. Fig. 17. 0 SALES RECORD FORM Customer Form has the list, with its information, of the entire customer that LNKS has encountered. Fig. 18. 0 INVENTORY FORM Inventory Form is where the transactions of products purchased are recorded.Fig. 19. 0 PURCHASE RECORD FORM Purchase Order Form displays all the purchase order records that contain supplier’s name, qty, product’s name, price and total amount. Fig. 20. 0 SALES ORDER FORM Sales Order Form has the record of sales transaction; date of sales, cashier, customer, product, quantity, price and total amount. It also has the button for printing receipt. 4. 2 Data Dictionary This is where the tables are shown with its column name, data type, field size, if it is optional or not, foreign or primary key and its description. Table 1 Log In F ormFIELD NAME| DATA TYPE| FIELD SIZE| OPTIONAL| KEY| DESCRIPTION| ID| Autonumber| Long integer| No| PK| User’s unique identifier| Username| Text| 20| No| | Username of user| Password| Text| 20| No| | Password of user| Table 2 Customer Form FIELD NAME| DATA TYPE| FIELD SIZE| OPTIONAL| KEY| DESCRIPTION| Customer ID| Autonumber| Long integer| No| PK| Customer’s unique identifier| Lastname| Text| 50| No| | Lastname of customer| Firstname| Text| 50| No| | Firstname of customer| Address| Text| 100| Yes| | Address of customer| Contact No. | Text| 15| Yes| | Contact No. of customer| Table 3 Product FormFIELD NAME| DATA TYPE| FIELD SIZE| OPTIONAL| KEY| DESCRIPTION| Product ID| Autonumber| Long integer| No| PK| Product’s unique identifier| Quantity| Number| Long integer| No| | Qty left in products| Product name| Text| 100| No| | Name of product| Price| Currency| | No| | Price of each product| Table 4 Supplier Form FIELD NAME| DATA TYPE| FIELD SIZE| OPTIONAL| KEY| DESCRIPT ION| Supplier ID| Autonumber| Long integer| No| PK| Supplier unique identifier| Suppliers name| Text| 100| No| | Supplier’s Name| Address| Text| 100| Yes| | Address of supplier| Contact No. | Text| 15| No| | Contac No. of supplier| Table 5 Sales Order FormFIELD NAME| DATA TYPE| FIELD SIZE| OPTIONAL| KEY| DESCRIPTION| Sales order ID| Autonumber| Long integer| No| PK| Sales Order unique identifier| Customer ID| Number| Long integer| Yes| | Customer’s Name| Date| Date/Time| | No| | Date of transaction| Table 6 Sales Order Details Form FIELD NAME| DATA TYPE| FIELD SIZE| OPTIONAL| KEY| DESCRIPTION| Sales Order Details ID| Autonumber| Long integer| No| PK| Sales Order Details unique identifier| Sales Order ID| Number| Long integer| No| FK| Sales Order unique identifier| Quantity| Number| Long integer| No| | Qty of products sold| Product name| Text| 100| No| | Name of product|Price| Currency| | No| | Price of each product| Amount| Currency| | No| | Total amount of sold produc ts| Table 7 Purchase Order Form FIELD NAME| DATA TYPE| FIELD SIZE| OPTIONAL| KEY| DESCRIPTION| Purchase Order ID| Autonumber| Long integer| No| PK| Sales Order unique identifier| Customer ID| Number| Long integer| Yes| | Customer’s Name| Date| Date/Time| | No| | Date of transaction| Table 8 Purchase Order Details Form COLUMN NAME| DATA TYPE| FIELD SIZE| OPTIONAL| KEY| DESCRIPTION|Purchase Order Details ID| Autonumber| Long integer| No| PK| Purchase Order Details unique identifier| Purchase Order ID| Number| Long integer| No| FK| Purchase Order unique identifier| Quantity| Number| Long integer| No| | Qty of products bought| Product name| Text| 100| No| | Name of product| Price| Currency| | No| | Price of each product| Amount| Currency| | No| | Total amount of sold products| CHAPTER V PROJECT TECHNICALITY 5. 1 System Project Scope The programmer designs the system easy for the users to use. It can be access by the admin/user.This system will be used for the daily transaction of LNKS. Information of every transaction are saved and secured. Saved data will used for inventory. 5. 2 Usage Scenario Log-in/Log out Encode Information of Customer Access System for Inventory Reports Access Transaction/Printing Receipts User Log-in/Log out Adding/Editing Prices/Deleting Adding New User/Cashier Access for Inventory Reports Admin User Log-in/Log-out Name| Log in/Log out| Description| Admin can access the system| Actor| Admin| Scenario| Happy Path * The admin will choose the username and type the password. Admin will log-in into the system| Workflow| | Add New Transaction Name| Add Data| Description| Can create new data| Actor| Admin| Scenario| Happy Path * The admin can add new data. * Admin will encode all data needed. | Workflow| | Delete Data Name| Delete data| Description| Can delete data| Actor| Admin| Scenario| Happy Path * The admin will delete invalid or undesirable data. | Workflow| | View Data Name| View Data| Description| Admin can view saved data| Actor| Admin| Scenario| Happy Path * The admin will view saved and updated data. | Workflow| | Customer’s AccountName| Log in/Log out| Description| Admin can access the system| Actor| User| Scenario| Happy Path * The user will access the system but with limitation. | Workflow| | Customer’s Data Name| Add customer’s data| Description| Can add new customer’s data| Actor| User| Scenario| Happy Path * The user will add new data for the customer’s record. | Workflow| | Customer’s Data Name| View customer’s data| Description| Can view all customer’s data| Actor| User| Scenario| Happy Path * The user will view customer’s data for transaction purposes. | Workflow| | Customer’s OrderName| Calculate customer’s data| Description| Can total all customer’s order| Actor| User| Scenario| Happy Path * The user will total customer’s order and save the transaction. | Workflow| | Customer’s Bill Name| Issued bil l for customers| Description| Can issued receipts for the purchased products of the customer. | Actor| User| Scenario| Happy Path * The user will sum-up the bill * The user will issued receipts for purchased products. | Workflow| | CHAPTER VI 6. 1 Software Requirements The programmer preferred to use the following software for the propose system of LNKS.Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 is used for making and designing the GUI of the system, Microsoft Access is used as the database program for monitoring the files or data and Photoshop was used for the logo of LNKS. SOFTWARE| MINIMUM| RECOMMENDED| 1. Microsoft Visual Studio 2008| MVS2008| MVS2008| 2. Microsoft Access| Microsoft Office 2007| Microsoft Office 2010| 3. Photoshop| Photoshop CS3| Photoshop CS5| 6. 2 Hardware Requirements Hardware requirements for the proposed system are the following: HARDWARE| MINIMUM| RECOMMENDED| 1.AMD or Intel Pentium 4 Dual Core processor| 2 Dual Core processor| 4 Dual Core processor| 2. 128 MB of RAM| 1 28 MB of RAM| Higher if possible| 3. 100 GB Hard drive| 100 GB| Higher if possible| 4. Screen Resolution: 1280Ãâ€"800| | | 5. Mouse| Touchpad| Optical Mouse| 6. Keyboard| any| any| 7. Monitor| 16bit Colored Monitor| 32bit Colored Monitor| 8. USB Storage Mass/Disk for back-up files| 50 GB| Higher if possible| 9. Printer| Laser Printer| Ink Jet Printer| 6. 3 Staff Requirements and Qualification The Point of Sale System is intended for the daily transactions of LNKS with customers and suppliers.The manager is responsible to evaluate reports and improving strategies to enhance the quality of transaction, operation and inventory. The user must also know how to operate the POS or if not the user might go through a training session to familiarize the features, capabilities and different functions of the POS. STAFF| QUALIFICATIONS| 1. Admin| Computer Literate, Proficient in using the system, knows how to troubleshoot. | 2. User| Fast Learner and willing to undergo training. | CHAPTER VII I n this part, it discusses about the proposed Point of Sale system for LNKS.This chapter includes the summary, conclusion and recommendation. The summary discusses the reasons why the programmer proposed the Point of Sales system. The conclusion tells the output of the proposed system and the recommendation involves the idea or the suggestions of the programmer. 7. 1 Summary of Findings In proposing the system, the programmer makes sure that the system proposes would be a big help for the LNKS to solve the problem and to be more competitive. The programmer proposed the system to change the current system and remove the problem that the manual system produced.LNKS needs POS system to make the transactions easy and faster, to be more efficient and to avoid loss of documents and incorrect manual list. But before that, the programmer had undergone in the process of observation, data gathering and analysis to think what is the best to provide improvement for the LNKS, the programmer had a n idea to propose a POS system for the LNKS. As the first problem states that manual transaction consumes a lot of time because of writing, so POS could make it faster through inputting data directly in the computer.Second problem is the storage where ledger is used and it could be lost or misplaced but it could be saved by POS because of its back up storage with security measures. And the last one is having unreliable result of inventory based on ledger; it could be because of unreadable penmanship or overlook of data, to have an accurate result POS enter where it has an automatic calculation of sold/unsold products and sales report whenever the company needs it. 7. 2 Conclusions The programmer concludes that the POS system is more professional to use than the manual transactions to avoid problems of the LNKS.Through the POS system, LNKS will maintain the records easily and safely and sent an accurate report for inventory. Transaction would be faster and can also avoid errors in li sting details. 7. 3 Recommendation The system made to be much more improved than the current system. POS system can meet the needs of LNKS to become successful in such an easy way process and to gain a competitive edge over other business, for its process of transactions is easy and less errors. REFERENCES 7-Eleven (2011, February 13). Point of sale.Retrieved (February 20, 2011) from http://www. 7eleven. com. ph/AboutUs/CompanyProfile/tabid/94/Default. aspx E. C Pay (2012, February 13). Billing and Inventory sytem. Retrieved (Feb 20, 2012) from http://ECPAY. com/Arizona Department of Transportation Wendy’s International. (). Point-of-Sale Designs. Retreived February 18, 2012 Nicky Nicole. (). Point-of-Sale. Retreived February 21,2012 www. waspbarcode. com/point_of_sale/case_nickynicole. asp USER’S MANUAL Log-in and Log-out Procedure (admin and cashier) 1. Log-in form must be filled with username and password.If it doesn’t match or username and password are inval id, a message box will appear to warn the user. 2. If log-in was successful, for admin, MDIFORM will appear consist of transaction, reports, users, items and help. For cashier, a form with Sales and Report button will appear. 3. When Log-out is click MDIFORM will close and it will go back to the Log-in form. Add Sales Procedure (admin) 1. Click Transaction and choose Sales on the MDIFORM. 2. Then the Sales Form will appear. Click add new button. Fill-in all needed data, click save and then close.Add User Procedure (admin) 1. Click Users and choose Add user on the MDIFORM. 2. Then the Add User Form will appear. Click add new button. Fill-in all needed data, click save and then close. Add New Product Procedure (admin) 1. Click Items and choose Input Products on the MDIFORM. 2. Then the Items Form will appear. Click add new button. Fill-in all needed data, click save and then close. Add Sales Procedure (cashier) 1. Click Sales on the Cashier Form. 2. Then the Sales Form will appear. Cl ick add new button. Fill-in all needed data, click save and then close.